The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers on electroosmotic flow (EOF) through skin. The effect of size and concentration of dendrimer was studied, using generation 1, 4 and 7 dendrimer (G1, G4 and G7, respectively). As a marker molecule for the direction and magnitude of EOF, a neutral molecule, acetoaminophen (AAP) was used. The visualization of...

We report observations of a striking reversal in the direction of electroosmotic flow (EOF) outside a conical glass nanopore as a function of salt concentration. At high ionic strengths (>100 mM), we observe EOF in the expected direction as predicted by classical electrokinetic theory, while at low salt concentrations (<1 mM) the direction of the flow is reversed. The critical crossover salt co...

We describe several established error of t (EOF) functions for use in the least square tting of ellipses, and introduce a further four new EOFs. Four measures are given for assessing the suitability of such EOFs, quantifying their linearity, curvature bias, asymmetry, and overall goodness. These measures enable a better understanding to be gained of the individual merits of the EOF functions.

Osmotic fragility test has been used to study the influence of different factors on the osmotic properties of cell membranes. Considering the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in biological functions we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary PUFA supplementation on erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF), blood lactate (BL), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb...

The temporal evolution of a regional-scale persistent low-frequency anomaly is examined with data from a 2100-day perpetual January general circulation model. The persistent episodes are determined with an objective analysis of the low-pass (.10 day) 350-mb streamfunction field that uses both pattern correlations and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The composite evolution of each ...

Among the microfluidic separation methods, hydrodynamic spreading is a simple and high-throughput continuous separation technique based on the difference in size. However, it is difficult to adjust tiny pressure differences accurately in microfluidic devices. In this study, a combination of electroosmotic flow (EOF) and hydrodynamic flow spreading was employed to tune the size separation of par...

Variability of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were intensively investigated at the coastal water inPahang Malaysia. Data of Chl-a derived from Aqua MODIS satellite at 1 km spatial resolution from January 2006 to December 2010 was processed to climatological images. The seasonal progressions of Chl-a distribution during the monsoon period shows that high values were detected during the Northeast monsoon ...

Using station rainfall data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis from 1978-2007, we characterize the spatial variations of the heavy rainfall (Meiyu) during June-July over the Jiang-Huai basin (JHB, ~28°–34° N and 110°–122° E) in East China and their associated atmospheric circulations. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the Meiyu rainfall revealed 2 other significant modes besides the domi...

The influence of zonally asymmetric boundary conditions on the leading modes of variability in a suite of atmospheric general circulation models is investigated. The set of experiments consists of nine model configurations, with varying degrees and types of zonal asymmetry in their boundary conditions. The structure of the leading EOF varies with the zonal asymmetry of the base state for each m...

[1] Anomalous climate is often regulated by the annual cycle. Based on this physical consideration, we propose a new method termed as Season-reliant Empirical Orthogonal Function (S-EOF) analysis to detect major modes of climate variability. The S-EOF analysis of Indo-Pacific SST during the past 54 years reveals two statistically significant leading modes, which are not obtainable by using conv...