Many philosophers claim that interesting forms of epistemic evaluation are insensitive to truth in a very specific way. Suppose that two possible agents believe the same proposition based on the same evidence. Either both are justified or neither is; either both have good evidence for holding the belief or neither does. This does not change if, on this particular occasion, it turns out that onl...

It is evident that the school fundamental institution where both information literacy and sophisticated flexible epistemological beliefs can be acquired as a competence subject. In this context, main problem study aims to address vital importance of educating pre-service teachers literates with belief levels for teacher training institutions. Thus, determine Social Studies candidates investigat...

Belief is very often analysed in terms of degrees, and since most human beings experience belief as a matter of degree, this kind of analysis has strong support. Much more controversial is the claim that knowledge, too, may be a matter of degree. The two questions are linked—after all, knowledge is, according to the traditional analyses, a special kind of belief. Many philosophers have analysed...

Abstract It is commonly accepted that the definition of knowledge not among main epistemological concerns period between Plato and Edmund Gettier. Kalām an exception to rule. scholars provide a detailed philosophical analysis difference mere true belief. In this article, I am focusing on in one tradition kalām , Bahšamite Muʿtazilism. will argue factive mental state for Bahšamites. also show co...

one of the remarkable concerns of existing thinkers in the field of philosophy of religion is question of philosophical and epistemological approach to ideological movements. moreover, they explain their position toward reason and its epistemological value. the epistemological importance of this issue is because of its assumptions like: relation and situation of “narration and reason”, “revelat...

1 The Problem of Knowledge Epistemology is commonly defined as the study of the origins and nature of knowledge, where knowledge is true, justified belief. This is a strong characterization of the subject matter of epistemology. It is so strong that skeptics have mounted good arguments to the conclusion that we know very little, if anything at all. Even if the skeptics are right, there remains ...

this article tries to investigate the range and some features of scientific realism from the perspectives advocated by sayyid jamāl ad-din asad ābādi. it applies grounded theory, documentary research method, and some interpretative and exploratory views. sayyid jamāl has tried to reveal the capacity of religious knowledge including modern world, using hermeneutics insight and qurān’s concepts r...

The popularization and normalization of conspiracy theories over the last decade are accompanied by concerns as irrational beliefs, on one hand; their advocates radical extremist believers other hand. Building studies emphasizing that such accounts one-sided at best, pars pro toto stigmatizations worst; we propose to study what call “ participatory culture”—the everyday, mundane online debates ...

Abstract Recently, Erik Baldwin and Tyler McNabb have brought Madhva's epistemological framework into active dialogue with Alvin Plantinga's religious epistemology argued that individuals within tradition cannot make full use of epistemology, according to which, Christian belief resists de jure objections can also warrant. While I do not contest this specific claim, demonstrate an analysis reve...