INTRODUCTION Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic pathogen, causing rhodococcosis, a condition that can be confused with tuberculosis. Often, without identifying M. tuberculosis, physicians initiate empiric treatment for tuberculosis. R. equi and M. tuberculosis have different susceptibility to drugs. Identification of R. equi is based on a variety of phenotypic, chromatographic, and genotypic ...

Rhodococcus equi, a facultative intracellular bacterium, causes severe pneumonia in foals. Evidence suggests that most foals become infected very early in life, when they have immature or ineffective innate immune responses. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of gallium against R. equi, as a potential chemoprophylactic and therapeutic agent. Rhodococcus equi was grown in media with...

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a pregnant mare immunization of a Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) vaccine candidate containing a water-based nanoparticle mineral oil adjuvanted (Montanide IMS 3012) inactive bacterin and virulence-associated protein A (VapA), as well as the administration of anti-R. equi hyperimmune (HI) plasma against R. equi challenge in the mares' foals. The eff...

BACKGROUND Bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of Streptococcus equi in nasopharyngeal washes (NPW) and guttural pouch lavage (GPL) samples have low sensitivity. In human diagnostics, processing of samples with flocked swabs has improved recovery rates of bacterial agents because of improved surface area and elution factors. HYPOTHESIS For S. equi su...

Improved understanding of the epidemiology of Streptococcus equi transmission requires sensitive and portable subtyping methods that can rationally discriminate between strains. S. equi is highly homogeneous and cannot be distinguished by multilocus enzyme electrophoretic or multilocus sequence-typing methods that utilize housekeeping genes. However, on sequence analysis of the N-terminal regio...

In this study, the kinetics of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes were characterized in Babesia equi (Theileria equi)-infected horses. IgGa and IgGb developed during acute infection, whereas IgG(T) was detected only after resolution of acute parasitemia. The same IgG isotype profile induced during acute infection was obtained by equi merozoite antigen 1/saponin immunization.

We study the nonlinear embeddability of Banach spaces and equi-embeddability family Kalton’s interlaced graphs [Formula: see text] into dual spaces. Notably, we define a modification property that call (with text]). show if equi-coarse Lipschitzly embeds text], then Szlenk index is greater than this optimal, i.e. there exists separable space contains equi-Lipschitzly so has text]. prove does no...

We introduce equi-tuning, a novel fine-tuning method that transforms (potentially non-equivariant) pretrained models into group equivariant while incurring minimum L_2 loss between the feature representations of and models. Large can be equi-tuned for different groups to satisfy needs various downstream tasks. Equi-tuned benefit from both equivariance as an inductive bias semantic priors provid...

Antimicrobial susceptibility test results for trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with Streptococcus equi subspecies are interpreted based on human data for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The veterinary-specific data generated in this study support a single breakpoint for testing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and/or trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with S. equi This study indicates trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole...

A classical result of MacMahon shows that the length function and the major index are equi-distributed over the symmetric group. Foata and Schützenberger gave a remarkable refinement and proved that these parameters are equi-distributed over inverse descent classes, implying bivariate equi-distribution identities. Type B analogues of these results, refinements and consequences are given in this...