Introduction Thermodynamic non-ideality can lead to serious problems in terms of the analysis of macromolecular behaviour in solution, particularly in molar mass and mass action measurements based on the principles of thermodynamic equilibrium. The term ‘molar mass’ (in g/mol) favoured by the physical chemist is of course equivalent to the molecular mass in daltons, and by ‘mass action’ we mean...

the adsorption thermodynamic characteristic of cu2+ from aqueous solution onto humin andalso humic acid from a typical black soil in northeast china were examined at three different temperatures(298, 318 and 338 k) by batch isotherm experiments. results showed that humin was structurally differentfrom humic acid. the increase of temperature had a positive effect on the adsorption process. freun...

For a strongly coupled system that has gravity dual description, we show the standard holographic dictionary yields nonnegative susceptibility when is in thermodynamic equilibrium and correlation function absolutely integrable. When no spontaneous condensation or $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry breaking, find ``trace energy condition" violated many cases. There normalized grand potential density monoto...