The thermodynamic model of ultrathin lubricant film melting, confined between two atomically-flat solid surfaces, is built using the Landau phase transition approach. Non-equilibrium entropy is introduced describing the part of thermal motion conditioned by non-equilibrium and non-homogeneous character of the thermal distribution. The equilibrium entropy changes during the time of transition of...

We present a simplified version of an average-atom collisional-radiative model employing both local-thermodynamic-equilibrium and isolated-ion atomic data. The simplifications introduced do not lead to any substantial errors, they significantly speed up calculations compared with the basic involving direct solution self-consistent-field equations. Average ion charges, charge state distributions...

The knowledge of sorption processes of nonelectrolytes in solution by solid adsorbents implies the study of kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic functions. However, quite frequently the equilibrium isotherms are studied by comparing them with those corresponding to the Giles et al. classification (1); these isotherms are also analyzed by fitting them to equations based on thermodynamic or k...

adsorption capacity of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4c2np) onto nano-ti02 from aqueous solutions wasinvestigated in a batch system by considering the effects of various parameters like contact time, nano-tio2 dosage, initial ph and initial 4c2np concentration. optimum conditions for 4c2np adsorptionwere found to be initial ph z 2, nano-tio2 closer- 0.01 g and equilibrium time 1 h. the adsorptionkine...

the solubility of kno3 in the mixed solvent (water 85%+methanol 15%) were determined by using solvent evaporating method at different temperatures (25, 30, 40, 50, 60 ;c). in addition the equilibrium constant of ion pair formation, kip, for k+no3 – ion-pair on the basis of fuoss contact ion pair model was calculated. upon choosing the extended debye-hückel model for estimating the mean activity...

A numerical framework has been proposed to model the interacting effects of mixture non-ideality and mass transfer on hydrodynamics of a multiphase system using CFD methods.Mass transfer during condensation and vaporization is modeled by chemical potential at the liquid-vapor interface. Species mass transfers are related to the diffusion at the interface which in turn is related to the conc...

for technical and economic success of miscible gas injection projects, an accurate laboratory measurement of minimum miscibility pressure (mmp) at reservoir conditions is essential. on the other hand, compositional reservoir simulator is a useful tool in gas injection studies and prediction of mmp. the main goal of this paper is to describe a procedure to generate a three phase sequential type ...

Removal of cesium from synthetic aqueous solution through adsorption on vermiculite, under batch equilibrium experimental condition at six initial values of pH (3, 4, 6, 9, 11 and 12) and five temperatures (25, 50, 75, 85 and 95 °C) has been investigated. It is necessary to propose a suitable model for a better understanding of the mecha...

A singular value decomposition (SVD)-based chemometric method is used for deconvolution of spectral information obtained from a single sample containing an equilibrium system with spectral overlapping at different temperatures. The output of analysis is the association constants at each temperature, thermodynamic parameters and the component spectral profiles. Thermodynamic characterization of ...