As the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication is utilizing millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure emitted from a 5G mmWave handset should be evaluated and compliant with relevant EMF limits in terms of peak spatial-average incident power density (PD). In this work, fast PD assessment method for using equivalent current (EQC) proposed. The EQC utilizes...

A discrete model based on a nonlinear difference equation (equivalent to a coupled map lattice of high dimension) is used to study the dynamics of a circulating pulse in a ring of excitable media, such as cardiac cells. Based on the global and local properties of monotonic restitution and dispersion curves, criteria are obtained for the asymptotic stability of the unique steady state (pulse cir...

Understanding how the presence of a forest canopy influences underlying snowpack is critical to making accurate model predictions bulk snow density and water equivalent (SWE). To investigate relative importance processes on SWE, we applied SUMMA (Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives) at three sites representing diverse climates in Colorado (U.S.A.), Oregon (U.S.A), Alberta (Can...

Abstract. Snow water equivalent (SWE) is an important variable in describing global seasonal snow cover. Traditionally, SWE has been measured manually at transects or using observations from weather stations. However, these measurements have a poor spatial coverage, and good alternative to situ use spaceborne passive microwave observations, which can provide coverage daily timescales. The relia...

Aims. This paper extends the treatment of system equivalent flux density (SEFD), discussed in our earlier to interferometric phased array telescopes. The objective is develop an SEFD formula involving only most fundamental assumptions that readily applicable interferometer radio observations. Our aim compare resultant expression against often-used root-mean-square (rms) approximation, ${\rm{SEF...

Introduction: Photothermal therapy using gold nanoshells is one of cancer therapy methods. Gold nanoshells generally consist of a silica core and a thin gold shell. Fe3O4@Au core-shell can be used for magnetic targeted therapy. The objective of this study was investigation of the photothermal effects of magnetically targeted Fe3O4@Au NPs and NIR laser irradiation on model of me...