The mechanical properties of viscoelastic (VE) dampers directly affect the aseismic performance viscoelastically damped structures; therefore, it is great significance to accurately describe nonlinear characteristics VE in design and analysis structures. However, most existing mathematical models for have been established from a macroscopic perspective, there general lack comprehensive connecti...

Eddy-resolved simulation of external flow usually requires inflow boundary conditions representing a turbulent layer (TBL) flow, and the quality fluctuation directly impact accuracy cost simulation. The present study proposes new method to generate TBL turbulence, i.e., equivalent (EBL) model. Based on open-channel model, EBL approximates at given Reynolds number by recovering mean momentum bal...

The shape of the vertical electron density profile is a result production, loss and transportation plasma in Earth’s ionosphere. Therefore, equivalent slab thickness ionosphere that characterizes width profiles an important parameter for better understanding ionospheric processes under regular as well perturbed conditions. defined by ratio total content over peak therefore easy to compute utili...