We propose a set of postulates to describe the mechanical interaction between a plane-wave electromagnetic pulse and a dispersive, dissipative slab having a refractive index of arbitrary sign. The postulates include the Abraham electromagnetic momentum density, a generalized Lorentz force law, and a model for absorption-driven mass transfer from the pulse to the medium. These opto-mechanical me...

Over 100 years ago, Robert Koch introduced his ideas about how to prove a causal relationship between a microorganism and a disease. Koch's postulates created a scientific standard for causal evidence that established the credibility of microbes as pathogens and led to the development of modern microbiology. In more recent times, Koch's postulates have evolved to accommodate a broader understan...

The general principles and logical structure of a thermodynamic formalism that incorporates strongly self-gravitating systems are presented. This framework generalizes and simplifies the formulation of thermodynamics developed by Callen. The definition of extensive variables, the homogeneity properties of intensive parameters, and the fundamental problem of gravitational thermodynamics are disc...

The Space Transition Theory (Jaishankar 2008) presupposes that people behave differently in the cyber world from the physical world amongst other postulates that seek to explain cyber criminal behavioural patterns. (Wall 2001) categorized cyber crime into the four main types of cyber trespass, cyber deception and theft, cyber pornography and cyber violence. This research sought test the postula...

introduction: we can facilitate hospital management and prevent organizational crises by applying quality management principles. gharazi hospital in isfahan set up a quality management system in 1380 and in 1381 received iso 9001 , 2000 certificates. this study compared the quality management principles and the quality management system established in this hospital. methods: it is a cross-secti...

The article considers a common reproach to Chicherin that in his philosophical system, law is divorced from morality and completely autonomous area of normativity. also examines the concepts relationship between law, freedom by Hegel Kant analyzes their assessment Chicherin. main content devoted consideration complex issues related concept as form existence rational being source morality. gives...

The article deals with the issues of synergetic unity concepts competitiveness various levels: goods, enterprises and country's economy as a whole. pyramid is analyzed, main approaches scientists to definition categories are considered. author's approach interpreting structure from standpoint its synergy based on certain postulates principles, first which determine synergistic competitiveness, ...

The AGM theory is the dominating paradigm in the field of belief change but makes some non-elementary assumptions which disallow its application to certain logics. In this paper, we recast the theory by dropping most such assumptions; we determine necessary and sufficient conditions for a logic to support operators which are compatible with our generalized version of the theory and show that ou...

In this paper, we present a scheme of postulates for revising epistemic states by condit ional beliefs. These postulates are supported mainly by fol lowing the specific, non-classical nature of conditionals, and the aim of preserving condi t ional beliefs is achieved by studying specific interactions between conditionals, represented properly by two relations. Because one of the postulates clai...