in this paper, we propose a new method for fuzzy numbers. in this method, we assume that ai= (ai1, ai2, ai3, ai4) is to be a fuzzy number. so, the convex combination of ai1 and ai2 and also the convex combination of ai3 and ai4 are obtained separately. then, mic and mis that are to be the convex combinations and the standard deviation respectively we acquire them from these components. finally,...

A model-assisted semiparametric method of estimating finite population totals is investigated to improve the precision of survey estimators by incorporating multivariate auxiliary information. The proposed superpopulation model is a single-index model which has proven to be a simple and efficient semiparametric tool in multivariate regression. A class of estimators based on polynomial spline re...

We examine properties of estimators of count data model with endogenous switching. The estimation of the count data model that accommodates endogenous switching can be accomplished by Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML). However, FIML estimation requires fully and correctly specified model and is computationally burdensome. Alternative estimation methods do not require fully specified mo...

The coefficient of overlapping OVL measures the amount of agreement of two probability distributions. Statistical inference for OVL has been mainly investigated in a parametric framework. Five strongly consistent nonparametric estimators for OVL based on kernel density estimation are suggested. A Monte-Carlo simulation investigates bias and standard deviation of the estimators in finite samples...

Why process at all? Of course, the answer is ultimately feed efficiency, producing the most milk, eggs, meat or fiber at the lowest possible cost. Particle size reduction as the first step in the feed manufacturing process works toward the goal of improved feed efficiency by increasing the surface area of the materials being processed. This increases the amount of materials exposed to the anima...

Standard deviation (SD) and standard error (SE) are quietly but extensively used in biomedical publications. These terms and notations are used as descriptive statistics (summarizing numerical data), and they are used as inferential statistics (estimating population parameters from samples). I review the use and misuse of SD and SE in several authoritative medical journals and make suggestions ...

A recent Perspective in Nature issued a call for more transparency in the reporting of preclinical research (1). Although this article focused primarily on experimental design, it emphasized the need for improved reporting in the scientific literature. Within the context of preclinical studies, there have been discussions regarding the appropriate reporting of standard error (SE) and standard d...