E. Nemitz, M. A. Sutton, G. P. Wyers, R. P. Otjes, M. G. Mennen, E. M. van Putten, and M. W. Gallagher Atmospheric Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Postbus 1, 1755 Petten ZG, The Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and Environment ...

Public health interventions usually operate at the level of groups rather than individuals, and cluster randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are one means of evaluating their effectiveness. Using examples from six such trials in Bangladesh, India, Malawi and Nepal, we discuss our experience of the ethical issues that arise in their conduct. We set cluster RCTs in the broader context of public he...

Facebook’s experimental manipulation of newsfeed content and the subsequent PNAS publication of significant findings from it (1) have drawn attention to the regulation of human participation in academic research and to the differences between commercial and academic research. Those events were recognized in an Expression of Concern in PNAS (2). In commerce and on the Internet, experimentation i...

This article analyzes the religio-ethical discussions of Muslim religious scholars, which took place in Europe specifically in the UK and the Netherlands, on organ donation. After introductory notes on fatwas (Islamic religious guidelines) relevant to biomedical ethics and the socio-political context in which discussions on organ donation took place, the article studies three specific fatwas is...

Background Multi-centre studies generally cost more than single-centre studies because of larger sample sizes and the need for multiple ethical approvals. Multi-centre studies include clinical trials, clinical quality registries, observational studies and implementation studies. We examined the costs of two large Australian multi-centre studies in obtaining ethical and site-specific approvals. ...

Seeking ethics committee approval for research can be challenging even for relatively simple studies occurring in single settings. Complicating factors such as multicentre studies and/or contentious research issues can challenge review processes, and conducting such studies internationally adds a further layer of complexity. This paper draws on the experiences of the LINNAEUS Collaboration, an ...

As the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to permeate various sectors, educational landscape is no exception. Several AI in education (AIEd) applications, like chatbots, present an intriguing array opportunities and challenges. This paper provides in-depth exploration use role research, focusing on benefits (the good) potential pitfalls bad ugly) associated with deployment ch...

The importance of trust to ‘good’ teaching in higher education is comparatively neglected compared to work focused on the use of techniques to develop active learning and reflective processes. This paper applies concepts from the management and marketing literature to identify why students entering higher education must do so largely on the basis of trust or a ‘leap of faith’. It als...

Although this brokering has sparked ethical concerns, 2 the role of academic medical centers as suppliers for these private “biobanks” has received little attention. When faced with financial constraints, some academic medical centers have chosen to transfer blood, tissue, and medical information directly to private biobanks in return for access for research and equity. 7,8 These and other nove...

INTRODUCTION Rhinolith, as the name indicates, is lithiasis or stone formation in the nose. The first well documented case of rhinolithiasis was reported by Barthdinin in 1654 [1]. Rhinoliths are completely or partially encrusted mineralized nasal masseseither exogenous or endogenous, depending on the origin of the nucleus on which the encrustation occurs. Dessicated blood clots, ectopic teeth ...