The present study examined intergroup judgments made between four groups of non-meat eaters: health vegetarians; ethical vegetarians; health vegans, and ethical vegans. Consistent with hypotheses based on horizontal hostility and the need to maintain ingroup distinctiveness, ethical vegetarians gave unfavorable evaluations to health vegetarians relative to vegans, especially when the mainstream...

(Anderson and Anderson 2006) is concerned with adding an ethical dimension to machines. Unlike computer ethics—which has traditionally focused on ethical issues surrounding humans’ use of machines—machine ethics is concerned with ensuring that the behavior of machines toward human users, and perhaps other machines as well, is ethically acceptable. In this article we discuss the importance of ma...

Self-driving autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to make the world a safer and cleaner place. A challenge confronting the development of AVs is how these vehicles should behave in traffic situations where harm is unavoidable. It is important that AVs behave in ethically appropriate ways to mitigate harm. Ideally, they should obey a system of principles that both concur with human moral...

As AI systems become an increasing part of people's everyday lives, it becomes ever more important that they understand ethical norms. Motivated by descriptive ethics, a field study focuses on judgments rather than theoretical prescriptions morality, we investigate novel, data-driven approach to machine ethics. We introduce SCRUPLES, the first large-scale dataset with 625,000 over 32,000 real-l...

Ethics and epistemology in medicine are more closely and more interestingly intertwined than is usually recognized. To explore this relationship, I present a case study, clinical trials of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO; an intervention for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn).Three separate ethical issues that arise from this case study-whether or not it is ethical to p...

Shaub (1994) and Cohen et al. (1998) reported that female accountants and undergraduate accounting students exhibit higher levels of moral reasoning than their male counterparts and that female undergraduates make higher ethical evaluations than their male counterparts. The current study extends these findings in two ways, using data collected from a large sample of professional accountants in ...