— Theories of justice in the spirit of Rawls and Harsanyi argue that fair-minded people should aspire to make choices for society as if in the original position, that is, behind a veil of ignorance that prevents them from knowing their own social positions. In this paper, we provide a fairly simple framework showing that preferences in front of the veil of ignorance (i.e., in face of everyday r...

The results reported in Chapter 3 are consistent with the premise of this dissertation that a comprehensive understanding of how ethical leadership works requires a closer look at the variation in followers’ expectations of the leader. To date, such empirical research on follower expectations of ethical leadership has been limited. However, Chapter 3 belongs to a small group of studies that rev...

The authors of this paper believe that scholarly work on knowledge management (KM) has largely overlooked ethical considerations. As such, this paper argues for the infusion of ethical considerations into knowledge management (KM) research. Using the lens of the classical ethical theories in philosophy, this paper revisits key areas of KM—knowledge creation, storage and access, transfer, and ap...

When several decades ago the IRB system was established trying to balance major moral consideration in research with human subjects, the main impetus were severe cases of unethical behaviour and experiences, often protected by state and institutional administration. The first phase of the IRB aimed at protecting subjects from serious hazards, while in later stages the IRB turned to „lesser risk...

The present report summarizes challenges in teaching medical ethics, defines its goals, describes theoretical frameworks for moral education, and reviews strategies for teaching medical ethics to serve as guidelines in developing medical ethics instruction. Medical teachers should clarify the instructional goals in cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral domains. The cognitive developmental and ...

Many environmental problems are longitudinal collective action problems. They arise from the cumulative unintended effects of a vast amount of seemingly insignificant decisions and actions by individuals who are unknown to each other and distant from each other. Such problems are likely to be effectively addressed only by an enormous number of individuals each making a nearly insignificant cont...

this article concerns the contradiction between holly religious scripts and the knowledge system of modern world. this contradiction can be studied into two levels: first the contradiction between new scientific theories and the ontological verses in holly scripts; the second one is the contradiction between moral statements based on celestial verses and modern ethical system. this article stud...

Local review of research by ethics committees in the UK has long been held to be an important right of the local research ethics committee and, even with the introduction of the European Clinical Trials Directive, the governance arrangements for research ethics committees continue to allow for local review of multicentre studies. There is no requirement for local review in either the European U...