Although sterilization by steam under pressure and by hot air are procedures which are now well understood and efficient when properly conducted, there is an increasing number of objects in medical or surgical use which are too heat labile to be so treated. It is for such items as plastic catheters, disposable plastic syringes, and prostheses that ethylene oxide has been proposed as a convenien...

The concept of a fractional base unit for the Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analysis of polymer ions is introduced for the first time. A fraction of the ethylene oxide (EO) repeat unit (namely EO/8) has been used for the KMD analysis of a poly(ethylene oxide) and found to amplify the variations of KMD between monoisotopic and 13C isotopes, producing an isotopically resolved KMD plot at full scale ...

Many new biomarkers are being studied, in addition to classical biomarkers, such as chemical substances and their metabolites in blood and urine and modified enzymes. Among these new biomarkers, hemoglobin adducts are thought to be especially useful for the estimation of chemical exposures. We review here the use of biomarkers for monitoring exposures to nine substances, mainly focusing on PRTR...

We describe a method, called affinity partitioning, for the purification of proteins containing specific ligand binding receptor sites. This method adds specificity to the procedures for protein purification with aqueous polymer two-phase systems by introduction of a polymer derivative, coupled to an appropriate ligand. The addition of a polymer-ligand that partitions predominantly into one pha...

Laboratory experiments were conducted to unravel synthetic routes to form three C2H4O isomers—acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), ethylene oxide (c-C2H4O), and vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH)—in extraterrestrial ices via electronic energy transfer processes initiated by electrons in the track of MeV ion trajectories. Here we present the results of electron irradiation on a 2:1 mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and et...