OBJECTIVES To assess whether Chula formula can predict the proper length of nasotracheal intubation. MATERIAL AND METHOD This was a prospective study of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) who underwent general anesthesia with nasotracheal intubation (number 8.0 for male and 7.0 for female) between December 2005 and March 2007. The Chula formula was used to calculate the length of endotrac...

"Reaction phenotyping" studies were performed with eletriptan (ETT) to determine its propensity to interact with coadministered medications. Its ability to serve as a substrate for human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was also investigated since a central mechanism of action has been proposed for this "triptan" class of drug. In studies with a characterized bank of human liver microsome preparations, a ...

Epigram 1 [18, 3] is at the same time a functional programming language with dependent types and a type-driven, interactive program development system. Epigram’s type system is strong enough to express a wide range of program properties, from basic structural invariants to full specifications. The system supports the interactive development of programs exploiting types to direct the design proc...

Endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff herniation is not an uncommon event in Intensive Care Units and operating rooms. The cause for this can be displacement of the tube or overinflation of ETT cuff.[1] Usually, it is noticed by the sound of gas leaking around the tube or when there is a fall in tidal volume and end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2). Confirmation and repositioning of the ETT require direct lar...

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is associated with increased B-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs), and, although controversial, may cause exaggerated exercise-induced BNP secretion. We investigated BNP in relation to reversible myocardial ischaemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) was measured before and after an exercise electrocardiogram test (ETT) in 14 patients w...

To determine the incremental value of the exercise test (ETT) for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD), we derived a multivariate logistic regression model for the pre-ETT prediction of CAD using data from 3840 patients at Duke University. We then applied the model to 324 patients at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. Using seven clinical factors, the multivariate model had an 84% overall pr...

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a rare gestational trophoblastic neoplasm of chorionic-type intermediate trophoblasts, and it is most frequently located in the lower uterine segment and endocervix. Due to the epithelial-growth pattern with geographic necrosis exhibited by the neoplastic cells, ETT is commonly confused, both clinically and pathologically, with squamous cell carcinoma. A...

OBJECTIVES To observe the relationship between chest pain/dyspnoea-heart rate during exertion in patients with angiographically proved Coronary artery disease compared to patients having negative Exercise Tolerance Test in a private and public sector hospital. METHODS This is an observational two centre study from Karachi in which 150 patients referred for Exercise ToleranceTest (ETT) at Ziau...

It is important to confirm proper placement of the endotracheal tube (ETT) as there is significant morbidity and mortality associated with inadvertent esophageal intubation [13]. Endotracheal intubation is a frequently performed procedure in an intensive care unit (ICU) and an intensivist has to be adept at performing intubation and confirming ETT position [4]. An ideal technique to confirm the...