Abstract In this essay I identify a type of linguistic phenomenon new to feminist philosophy language: biased evaluative descriptions. Biased descriptions are whose well-intended positive surface meanings inflected with implicitly content. characterized by three main features: (1) they have roots in implicit bias or benevolent sexism, (2) their application is counterfactually unstable across do...

Classical conditioning experiments are reviewed in which the dependent variables are subjective responses, typically involving the evaluation of stimulus materials. These experiments suggest that classical conditioning produces a positive or negative change in the evaluation of previously neutral stimuli. We re-interpret these studies as well as presenting data of our own to support the view th...

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Comparative or evaluative questions are the non-factoid class of questions that contain comparative or evaluative keywords, which may or may not be directly quantifiable. This entails the need for extraction of comparative and evaluative features, identification of semantic meaning of those features and converting them to quantifiable criteria before data can be obtained from the source text. T...

EVALUATIVE PROPERTIES ARE often thought to be problematic. E.g., they are said to be “unverifiable,” to “play no role in observation,” to be “queer,” to suffer from a “location problem,” and indeed “not [to be] in this world at all.”1 These charges differ in detail, and there are a variety of ways of responding to them.2 However, one general way of vindicating evaluative properties is to show t...

Abstract In what way do Articles 31 and 32 of the VCLT constitute ‘rules’ interpretation? this article, I explore whether these provisions might be considered to ‘disciplining rules’, use Owen Fiss’ terminology. Such rules perform both directive evaluative roles, guiding interpreter as well acting a benchmark against which evaluate interpretation. Yet, history practice suggest that sit uneasily...

Cognitive agents form beliefs representing the world, evaluate the world as represented, form plans for making the world more to their liking, and perform actions executing the plans. Then the cycle repeats. This is the doxastic-conative loop, diagrammed in figure one. Both human beings and the autonomous rational agents envisaged in AI are cognitive agents in this sense. The cognition of a cog...