The proposed method for calculation of potential evapotranspiration is Penman-Monteith FAO method, but there are other methods that require less meteorological data but estimates close to the FAO Penman-Monteith method in different climatic conditions.  Performance evaluation of these methods on the same basis is prerequisite for selecting an alternative approach in accordance with available da...

Groundwater evapotranspiration (ETg) links various ecohydrological processes and is an important component in regional water budgets. In this study, an extensive monitoring network was established in a semiarid riparian area to investigate various controls on the spatiotemporal pattern of water table fluctuations (WTFs) and ETg induced by riparian vegetation. Along a vegetation gradient ( 1200 ...

Parachiloglanis bhutanensis is a newly discovered species of torrent catfish from eastern Bhutan. With its discovery, the genus Parachiloglanis is no longer monotypic. The species differs from Parachiloglanis hodgarti in meristic, mensural, and coloration characters. Parachiloglanis bhutanensis is confirmed as a member of the genus by the absence of a post-labial grove on the lower lip, which i...

The rise in water demand for agriculture, industry, domestic, and environmental needs requires sagacious use of this limited resource. Since agriculture (mainly irrigation) is the major user of water, improving agricultural water management is essential. Efficient agricultural water management requires reliable estimation of crop water requirement (evapotranspiration). Evapotranspiration (ET) i...

in recent decades, neyshabour basin as a semi-arid climate has faced with dramatic increasing of groundwater withdrawal. so, water demand management is important in this basin. in this study, the effects of evapotranspiration and rainfall on groundwater fluctuations have been considered with 22 rain gage and evaporation gage station data during 1973-2006. the average amount of rainfall and evap...

abstract evapotranspiration (et) is one of the most important components of the water balance, it is also one of the most difficult to measure. despite the importance of et, methods to obtain values of et are still limited. conventional methods are very local, ranging from point to field scale. estimates of the et over the entire area, especially for irrigated areas, are essential, as these can...