We study the structure of the flow monoid of a regular semigroup. This arises from the approach of Nambooripad of considering a regular semigroup as a groupoid – a category in which every morphism is invertible. A flow is then a section to the source map in this groupoid, and the monoid structure of the set of all flows is determined in terms of the Green relations on the original semigroup.

Splicing as a binary word/language operation is inspired by the DNA recombination under the action of restriction enzymes and ligases, and was first introduced by Tom Head in 1987. Shortly after, it was proven that the languages generated by (finite) splicing systems form a proper subclass of the class of regular languages. However, the question of whether or not one can decide if a given regul...

We study the properties of syntactic monoids of bifix-free regular languages. In particular, we solve an open problem concerning syntactic complexity: We prove that the car-dinality of the syntactic semigroup of a bifix-free language with state complexity n is at most (n−1) n−3 +(n−2) n−3 +(n−3)2 n−3 for n 6. The main proof uses a large construction with the method of injective function. Since ...

The aim of this paper is to study certain quasivarieties of left ample monoids. Left ample monoids are monoids of partial one–one mappings of sets closed under the operation α 7→ αα−1. The idempotents of a left ample monoid form a semilattice and have a strong influence on the structure of the monoid; however, a left ample monoid need not be inverse. Every left ample monoid has a maximum right ...

A reversible automaton is a finite (possibly incomplete) automaton in which each letter induces a partial one-to-one map from the set of states into itself. We give four non-trivial characterizations of the languages accepted by a reversible automaton equipped with a set of initial and final states and we show that one can effectively decide whether a given rational (or regular) language can be...

We prove that the classes of graded monoids, regular monoids and Kleene monoids coincide for submonoids of free groups. We also prove that it is decidable whether or not a finitely generated submonoid of a free group is graded, and solve the homomorphism and isomorphism problems for graded submonoids of free groups. This generalizes earlier results for submonoids of free monoids. MSC: 20E05; 20...

Splicing as a binary word/language operation is inspired by the DNA recombination under the action of restriction enzymes and ligases, and was first introduced by Tom Head in 1987. Shortly thereafter, it was proven that the languages generated by (finite) splicing systems form a proper subclass of the class of regular languages. However, the question of whether or not one can decide if a given ...

The syntactic complexity of a regular language is the cardinality of its syntactic semigroup. The syntactic complexity of a subclass of the class of regular languages is the maximal syntactic complexity of languages in that class, taken as a function of the state complexity n of these languages. We study the syntactic complexity of Rand J -trivial regular languages, and prove that n! and ⌊e(n −...

We introduce weighted regular tree grammars with storage as combination of (a) regular tree grammars with storage and (b) weighted tree automata over multioperator monoids. Each weighted regular tree grammar with storage generates a weighted tree language, which is a mapping from the set of trees to the multioperator monoid. We prove that, for multioperator monoids canonically associated to par...