Introduction: Nowadays ionizing radiation has a considerable contribution in medical diagnostic and treatment. Using ionizing radiation is increasing rapidly, so biological effects of ionizing radiation should be considered more. X-rays in the range of diagnostic radiology have hazardous effects and risks that are defined as random effects. These effects obey the LNT hypothesis that occur at lo...

background: th e second leading cause of cancer deaths in women is breast cancer. germline mutations in susceptibility breast cancer gene brca1 increase the lifetime risk of breast cancer. eighty-one large genomic rearrangements (lgrs) have been reported up to date in brca1 gene, and evaluation of these rearrangements helps with precise risk assessment in high-risk individuals. in this study, w...

Endometrial hyperplasia is abnormal growth of the endometrium in the uterus. It is caused by excess estrogen unopposed by progesterone. Pathology shows an increased gland-to-stroma ratio and can show atypia. Atypia is linked to endometrial cancer, the most common gynecological malignancy in the developed world. Treatment includes progesterone therapy and if there is atypic hysterectomy is recom...

Introduction Accurate estimation of the skin-absorbed dose in external radiation therapy is essential to estimating the probability of secondary carcinogenesis induction Materials and Methods Electron contamination in prostate radiotherapy was investigated using the Monte Carlo (MC) code calculation. In addition, field size dependence of the skin dose was assessed. Excess cancer risk induced by...

Endometrial hyperplasia is abnormal growth of the endometrium in the uterus. It is caused by excess estrogen unopposed by progesterone. Pathology shows an increased gland-to-stroma ratio and can show atypia. Atypia is linked to endometrial cancer, the most common gynecological malignancy in the developed world. Treatment includes progesterone therapy and if there is atypic hysterectomy is recom...

PURPOSE To investigate second cancer risk (SCR) comparing volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) with different high dose fractionation schemes. METHODS VMAT and 3DCRT virtual treatment plans for 25 patients previously treated with radiotherapy for rectal cancer were evaluated retrospectively. Doses prescribed were 25 × 1.8 Gy and 5 × 5 Gy, respectively....

Background: Many public health agencies rank residential radon exposure as the second leading cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoking. It has been shown that the risk coefficient for lung cancer is higher for children than that for adults. Therefore, indoor radon measurements were carried out in the elementary schools of Tulkarem province, West Bank, Palestine. Materials and Methods: Two h...

Endometrial hyperplasia is abnormal growth of the endometrium in the uterus. It is caused by excess estrogen unopposed by progesterone. Pathology shows an increased gland-to-stroma ratio and can show atypia. Atypia is linked to endometrial cancer, the most common gynecological malignancy in the developed world. Treatment includes progesterone therapy and if there is atypic hysterectomy is recom...

Endometrial hyperplasia is abnormal growth of the endometrium in the uterus. It is caused by excess estrogen unopposed by progesterone. Pathology shows an increased gland-to-stroma ratio and can show atypia. Atypia is linked to endometrial cancer, the most common gynecological malignancy in the developed world. Treatment includes progesterone therapy and if there is atypic hysterectomy is recom...

introduction: gail model is one of the most important models for the evaluation of breast cancer risk between us white females. according to genetic diversity, there is a possibility of affecting the efficiency of the gail model in risk assessment of breast cancer among iranian populations. in this study, the gail model efficiency in specifying the risk of breast cancer in iranian population wa...