a field study was undertaken with four farming systems (fs) such as; grasses and fodders, agro-forestry, agriculture (new farming systems) and shifting cultivation (old practice), to investigate the effect of land use on the soil properties, erosion and crop productivity on a loamy acidic alfisol. besides crops, the livestock were also kept and their dropping were incorporated in the respective...

Recent theoretical considerations have played an important role in advancing our understanding of the physiological mechanisms responsible for perturbing the plasma water sodium concentration ([Na(+)](pw)) in health and disease. Central to these considerations is the original empirical relationship between the [Na(+)](pw) and total exchangeable sodium (Na(e)), total exchangeable potassium (K(e)...

45Ca2+-40Ca2+ exchangeability of 45Ca bound to the calcium transport sites of unphosphorylated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase at equilibrium has been found to be heterogeneous: Half of the bound calcium is [Ca2+]-dependent in a slowly exchangeable (k less than 0.3 s-1), "occluded" state in the Ca2+-ATPase, and the other calcium is [Ca2+]-independent in a rapidly exchangeable (k approximatel...

The dysnatraemias are common electrolyte disorders encountered in hospitalized patients [1]. The pathophysiology and approach to management of these electrolyte disorders have been well characterized. It is well known that the total exchangeable sodium (Nae), total exchangeable potassium (Ke) and total body water (TBW) are the major determinants of the plasma water sodium concentration ([Na]pw)...

Alterations in the plasma water sodium concentration ([Na+]pw) result from changes in the total exchangeable sodium (Na e), total exchangeable potassium (K e), and total body water (TBW). The empirical relationship between the [Na+]pw and Na e, K e, and TBW was originally demonstrated (Edelman IS, Leibman J, O'Meara MP, and Birkenfeld LW. J Clin Invest 37: 1236-1256, 1958), where [Na+]pw = 1.11...

A finite form of de Finetti’s representation theorem is established using elementary information-theoretic tools: The distribution the first k random variables in an exchangeable binary vector length n≥k close to a mixture product distributions. Closeness measured terms relative entropy and explicit bound provided.

We studied total exchangeable sodium, ion transport activity at maximal rate, and erythrocyte Na+ content in response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in mild-to-moderate essential hypertensive patients with normal renal function. Twenty-five patients (mean age 56 years, range 40-62 years) who had abnormal red blood cell Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport or red blood cell Li(+)-Na+ countert...

Increasing urbanisation and industrialisation have led to a dramatic reduction in forest area, and now only culturally protected remnants of natural forests and some new plantations remain in most areas of the north of Iran. To investigate the status of the chemical and physical characteristics of soil under these remnant forests and assess the possible impacts of reforestation on soil properti...

Increasing urbanisation and industrialisation have led to a dramatic reduction in forest area, and now only culturally protected remnants of natural forests and some new plantations remain in most areas of the north of Iran. To investigate the status of the chemical and physical characteristics of soil under these remnant forests and assess the possible impacts of reforestation on soil properti...

Increasing urbanisation and industrialisation have led to a dramatic reduction in forest area, and now only culturally protected remnants of natural forests and some new plantations remain in most areas of the north of Iran. To investigate the status of the chemical and physical characteristics of soil under these remnant forests and assess the possible impacts of reforestation on soil properti...