background: infections due to pseudomonas aeruginosa are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients who suffer from impaired immune responses and chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis. at present, aggressive antibiotic therapy is the only choice for management of p. aeruginosa infections, but emergence of highly resistant strains necessitated the development of novel alt...

background: antibiotic resistance and the need for long-term treatments especially for chronic infections necessitate the developmentof a vaccine against pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.objectives: in this study, recombinant exotoxin a (domains i and ii), (exoa i-ii) protein was expressed, purifid and its immunologicalcharacteristics were evaluated in a mouse model.materials and methods: the g...

Purified pyrogenic exotoxin from Group A streptococcal filtrates (Streptococcus pyogenes, type 10, strain NY-5) has been characterized primarily as a protein complexed with hyaluronic acid. Amino acid composition and analysis revealed a typical acidic protein with an average molecular weight of 29,000. The purified exotoxin was free of streptolysins O and S, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidases...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus secretes numerous exotoxins which may exhibit superantigenic properties. Whereas the virulence of several of them is well documented, their exact biological effects are not fully understood. Exotoxins may influence the immune and inflammatory state of various organs, including the sinonasal mucosa: their possible involvement in chronic rhinosinusitis has been su...

Exotoxin A is one of the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium that can cause infections resulting in adverse health outcomes and increased burden to health care systems. Current methods of diagnosing P. aeruginosa infections are time consuming and can require significant preparation of patient samples. This study utilized a novel variation of the Systematic Evolution of Liga...

The lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF) components of anthrax toxin are toxic to animal cells only if internalized by interaction with the protective antigen (PA) component. PA binds to a cell surface receptor and is proteolytically cleaved to expose a binding site for LF and EF. To study how LF and EF are internalized and trafficked within cells, LF was fused to the translocation and ADP-...

With the methods which have been described we have separated an exotoxin and an endotoxin from cultures of the Shiga dysenteric bacillus. The study of the nature and effect of the poison of this microorganism is thus simplified. The two toxins are physically and biologically distinct. The exotoxin is relatively heat-labile, arises in the early period of growth, and yields an antiexotoxic immune...

Bacillus cereus is mainly known as a human food-borne opportunistic pathogen. Here, we used biological assays and HPLC to investigate the ability of B. cereus to produce insecticidal exotoxins during the stationary growth phase. None of the 575 B. cereus strains screened produced detectable levels of beta-exotoxin I, a small, heat-stable insecticidal nucleotide analogue. However, six out of a s...

We constructed the expression vector pSK-SCP containing the streptococcal exotoxin B gene (spe b) which expressed protease activity. We showed that the recombinant streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin B/streptococcal cysteine protease (rSPE B/SCP) was secreted into the culture supernatant of the transformant and retained its SCP activity, which was equivalent to or greater than that of the naturally...