The multi-dimensional Black-Scholes equation is solved numerically for a European call basket option using a priori–a posteriori error estimates. The equation is discretized by a finite difference method on a Cartesian grid. The grid is adjusted dynamically in space and time to satisfy a bound on the global error at the expiry date. The discretization errors in each time step are estimated and ...

Most of Malaysians choose frozen food in their lives because its quick preparation and availability. The indicative elements are usually displayed on the packaging to know components, method preparation, production expiry date. This study aims discover semantic present food, depicted role this packaging, effects consumers. followed descriptive analytical approach, which is description halal ana...

In the last thirty years, there has been a dramatic growth in the trading of options, which are contracts between two parties giving one party the right but not the obligation to partake in a financial transaction with the other party at or before a specified date in the future. The majority of options involve the right to buy or sell an underlying asset at a prescribed price, known as the stri...

Reset clauses on the strike price and maturity date are commonly found in derivative contracts, like insurance segregated funds, bonds and executive warrants. We analyze the optimal reset policy adopted by the holder of an option that possesses the reset rights on the strike price and date of maturity. The optimal reset policy relates closely to the temporal rate of change of the value of the n...

Financial leasing contracts usually include specific clauses for early termination of the agreement in event that lessee defaults. The lessor might, therefore, not immediately ask financial lease order to take advantage increment fees accrued due default interest. analysis presented this work aims find conditions determining optimal time rescind contract, when arrears’ interest rate is higher t...

We consider series solutions for the location of the optimal exercise boundary of an American option close to expiry. By using Monte Carlo methods, we compute the expected value of an option if the holder uses the approximate location given by such a series as his exercise strategy, and compare this value to the actual value of the option. This gives an alternative method to evaluate approximat...

Verifiably encrypted signatures are used when Alice wants to sign a message for Bob but does not want Bob to possess her signature on the message until a later date. Such signatures are used in optimistic contact signing to provide fair exchange. Partially blind signature schemes are an extension of blind signature schemes that allows a signer to sign a partially blinded message that include pr...

This paper studied character recognition on medicine bottle label containing batch number, production date and expiry date. It mainly consisted of character location, character segmentation and character recognition. Firstly, it preprocessed the image of medicine bottle label for the following procedures; secondly, it obtained the general character region by contour tracing and realized the pre...

Online mobile payment systems based on mobile cash provide privacy to customers and are feasible for real point of sale, virtual point of sale, and person-to-person mobile commerce scenarios. The merchant does not perform complex operations and the bank verifies the validity of the mobile cash before the merchant delivers the product. The bank must store the mobile cash spent in a database to p...