Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on the earth. Since the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 and discovering large oil and gas fields, some issues such as political, economic and environmental events, made the Caspian Sea important. The ecology of the Sea are being endangered due to several issues such as petroleum extraction, river and sea pollutions, water level rise, biological...

Plant Genetic Resources (PGRs) are one of the most valuable natural resources of anycountry. Biotechnology through genetic engineering of plants and the creation of new plantvarieties can increase the value of these resources. Different technical and legalmechanisms such as ex situ/in situ collection of PGRs, and Intellectual Property Rights(IPRs...

The paper contributes to the topic of optimal utilization of spatially distributed renewable resources. Namely, a problem of “sustainable” optimal cyclic exploitation of a renewable resource with logistic law of recovery is investigated. The resource is distributed on a circle and is collected by a single harvester moving along the circle. The recovering and harvesting rates are position-depend...

Citation: Amon DJ, Gobin J, Van Dover CL, Levin LA, Marsh L and Raineault NA (2017) Characterization of Methane-Seep Communities in a Deep-Sea Area Designated for Oil and Natural Gas Exploitation Off Trinidad and Tobago. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:342. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00342 Characterization of Methane-Seep Communities in a Deep-Sea Area Designated for Oil and Natural Gas Exploitation Off Trinid...

Frequent droughts and their consequences result in the loss of groundwater, the deficiency of nutrients, the drying of surface water resources, and substantially more exploitation of the groundwater resources, which, altogether, cause the mobilization of saline waters to groundwater tables. This will impair the capacity of the aquifers and the quality of the water. The VIKOR method was applied ...

Future exploitation scheme of an oil reservoir in each cycle within its production life depends on the profitability of the current extraction scenario compared with predicted recoveries that acquire with applying other available methods. In fractured reservoirs appropriate time to pass from the gas injection process into chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) firmly depends on the oil extraction...