This appendix outlines some of the more prevalent techniques for controlling and for detecting common method bias. These include (1) Harman’s single factor test (Podsakoff et al. 2003), (2) partial correlation technique (Podsakoff et al. 2003), (3) multitrait–multimethod (MMTM) (Shadish et al. 2002), (4) the correlation marker technique, (5) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) marker technique (...

This study tested the four factor structure of the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) in a sample of young Malaysian drivers and the relationship these factors had with several other variables. Confirmatory Factor Analysis broadly supported the four factor solution of the DAX, being: Personal Physical Aggressive Expression, Use of a Vehicle to Express Anger, Verbal Aggressive Expression a...

Typically, when using existing scales, researchers conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and estimate reliability indices such as Cronbach alpha. Results are then used to select items that are subsequently incorporated in models. However, this process is inefficient as results from several studies consistently indicate that certain factors have low factor loadings. This study addressed this is...

For any such use of scale scores, there is a critical assumption that the scale is measuring the same trait in all of the groups. If that assumption holds, then comparisons and analyses of those scores are acceptable and yield meaningful interpretations. But if that assumption is not true, then such comparisons and analyses do not yield meaningful results. This is the general issue of (MI). mea...

The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) is a widely used selfreport instrument to measure student motivation and self-regulated learning strategies at the course-specific level (i.e. an individual course or subject domain). The present study sought to explore the utility of the MSLQ in measuring student motivation and selfregulated learning strategies at the general school le...

Principal components analysis and factor analysis are common methods used to analyze groups of variables for the purpose of reducing them into subsets represented by latent constructs (Bartholomew, 1984; Grimm & Yarnold, 1995). Even though PCA shares some important characteristics with factor analytic methods such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the ...

results the results show that the individual and demographic factor (idf), organizational factor (of), h & s training factor (tf), workplace-human factor (whf), factor related to type of accident occurrence (taf), h & s risk management system factor (rmsf), and accident time factor (atf) were considered to be effective and significant independent latent factors in occupational injuries. conclus...

The purpose of the present study was twofold. Firstly, the study aimed to test a 9item test-taking motivation scale that could be used in large-scale, low-stakes assessment contexts. The scale was assumed to measure motivation, invested effort and perceived importance in the assessment situation. Secondly, the study aimed to describe student reported effort, motivation to do their best and perc...

The purpose of this Study study is to identify and rank the development drivers of knowledge-based, technology-driven businesses. This work is conducted as a case study in Fars Province Science and Technology Park. It is a descriptive survey in terms of purpose since a part of its data is collected through questionnaires and is of surveying type because it describes the existing conditions. The...