lymph node dissection is of prime importance for accurate staging of colorectal carcinomas. since a great number of small lymph nodes are missed in the traditional method, several fat clearing solutions have been introduced for easier detection of smaller lymph nodes. in this study we evaluated the efficacy of a new fat clearing solution so-called lymph node revealing solution (lnrs) in colecto...

background: the sentinel lymph node (sln) is defined as the first chain node in the lymphatic basin that receives primary lymphatic flow. if the sln is negative for metastatic disease, then other nodes are expected to be disease-free. sln techniques have been extensively applied in the staging and treatment of many tumors, including melanoma, breast and vulvar cancers. this study aims to evalua...

background: sentinel lymph node biopsy (slnb) has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (alnd) in early breast cancer patients as the first line surgical approach to axillary nodes. further dissection is performed only when sln is involved by tumor cells. however, in a significant proportion of patients, non-sentinel nodes are still not involved and axillary dissection has no additional thera...

We propose a reliable multicast MAC protocol based on the multicarrier direct-sequence code-division multiple access (MC DS-CDMA) scheme to enhance spatial reuse efficiency in wireless local area networks (WLANs). Conventional multicast MAC protocols using RTS-CTS handshake exchange CTS and ACK packets consecutively for reliable transmission. Although this protocol guarantees transmission relia...

This paper proposes an immediately efficient method, based on Benders Decomposition (BD), for solving the survivable capacitated network design problem. This problem involves selecting a set of arcs for building a survivable network at a minimum cost and within a satisfied flow. The system is subject to failure and capacity restriction. To solve this problem, the BD was initially proposed with ...

Ad hoc networks are characterized by dynamic topology caused by node mobility, multihop wireless connectivity and channel non deterministic behaviour (Interference, multipath, hidden and exposed node problem makes the wireless channel very difficult to predict)This behaviour of Ad hoc networks must be analyzed in detail as a result of pairing of the selected MAC and Routing protocols. We focus ...