Antibiotic resistant ?-lactamases are diverse and complex enzymes produced by most of the Gram-negative bacteria that mediated number plasmids. The impact these has posed a major threat to health sectors challenged available treatment options for both community hospital acquired infections. These include uncomplicated severe life-threatening Moreover, with resistance cephalosporin drugs MDR str...

The Class D β-lactamases have emerged as a prominent resistance mechanism against β-lactam antibiotics that previously had efficacy against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially by Acinetobacter baumannii and the Enterobacteriaceae. The phenotypic and structural characteristics of these enzymes correlate to activities that are classified either as a narrow spectrum, an extended s...

Carbapenems are frequently used for severe hospital infections caused by K. pneumoniae, especially when isolates produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases...

TEM-1 1-lactamase is the most prevalent plasmid-mediated 13-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria. Recently, TEM I-lactamase variants with amino acid substitutions in the active-site pocket of the enzyme have been identified in natural isolates with increased resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. To identify other amino acid substitutions that alter the activity of TEM-1 towards extende...

Emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Shigella is a growing concern across the globe. Third-generation cephalosporins are used for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Shigellae. However, resistance to these cephalosporin antibiotics due to extended-spectrum ß-lactamases, has emerged as a new problem. So far extended-spectrum ß-lactamases producing Shigella has not been repor...

in neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis and ampicillin resistance in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Pediatrics 2008; 121: 689–96. 3. Livermore DM, Canton R, Gniadkowski M et al. CTX-M: changing the face of ESBLs in Europe. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59: 165–74. 4. Bonacorsi S, Clermont O, Houdouin V et al. Molecular analysis and experimental virulence of French and North American ...

Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced by bacteria, mostly members of the family Enterobacteriaceae commonly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBLs hydrolyze beta-lactam ring antibiotics making these ineffective therefore rendering bacteria resistance against antibiotics. The global upsurge producing causing both hospital community acquired infections urinary ...