Major depression is frequently associated with the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitors have been shown to exert antidepressant action. Metyrapone (an inhibitor of the enzyme 11-β-hydroxylase) has been found to be effective as an adjunctive therapy in combination with other antidepressants (ADs) in both treatment-resistant depr...

One of the requirements for advancement of nanotechnology are the development of reliable experimental protocols for the synthesis of nanomaterials over a range of biological compositions, sizes and high monodispersity. An attractive possibility of green nanotechnology is to use micro-organisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Recently, the utilization of biological systems, especially fungi,...

Bactericidal antibiotics alter microbial metabolism as part of their lethality and can damage mitochondria in mammalian cells. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility is sensitive to extracellular metabolites, but it remains unknown whether metabolites present at an infection site can affect either treatment efficacy or immune function. Here, we quantify local metabolic changes in the host micro...

Abstract Objectives: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane in diameter of 30-5000 nm, that transport proteins, non-coding RNAs (miRNAs), lipids and metabolites. Major populations include exosomes, ectosomes apoptotic bodies. The purpose this study was to compare the distribution EVs obtained under different conditions differential centrifugation, including ultracentrifugation,...

Intracerebral microdialysis was used to measure the extracellular concentration of striatal dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in freely moving rats depleted of DA by the bilateral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra approximately 1 month earlier. It was found that the basal extracellular concentration of DA remained within the same range as seen in control animals until the ...

The use of microorganisms as reducing and stabilizing agents in biogenic syntheses metal nanoparticles is an attractive approach. There a large number potential bioagents able to yield big amounts various biomolecules, prepare diverse physicochemical properties. Microscopic fungi algae are widely studied for the preparation nanoparticles, mainly because their ability produce vast extracellular ...

one of the main members of the large aggregating proteoglycans (pgs) family is versican which is able to bind to hyaluronate. versican is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and is a key ingredient of the extracellular matrix.  due to its widespread expression in the body, versican is involved in cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. induced expression of versican is often observed in tiss...

background: to develop a new green approach for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, myconanotechnology has been represented as a novel field of study in nanotechnology. in this study, we have reported the extracellular synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles using three species of dermatophytes: trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes and microsporum canis. methods: clinical ...