Ophthalmoplegia or the paralysis of nerves supplying extraocular muscles can be due to numerous etiologies. In alcohol users, ophthalmoplegia might Wernicke's encephalopathy. A high dose thiamine should used with a index suspicion in such cases, but at same time, other life-threatening conditions not missed. Careful history taking, clinical features and neuro imaging guide identifying likely ae...

PURPOSE Our goal was to determine whether the extraocular muscles in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) could be distinguished from those of age-matched control subjects by MR imaging. METHODS Nine patients with CPEO and eight age-matched healthy control subjects were studied. The extraocular muscles of eight of the patients (16 eyes) and all the control subject...

PURPOSE Botulinum toxin type A and, more recently, the immunotoxin ricin-mAb35 have been effective as means of pharmacologically weakening the extraocular muscle. However, currently there are no drug treatments to strengthen an underacting extraocular muscle. In limb muscle, treatment with insulin-like growth factor causes myofiber hypertrophy. In this study, the short-term effects of insulin-l...

The M lines are structural landmarks in striated muscles, necessary for sarcomeric stability and as anchoring sites for the M isoform of creatine kinase (CK-M). These structures, especially prominent in fast skeletal muscles, are missing in rodent extraocular muscle, a particularly fast and active muscle group. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that 1). myomesin and M protein (cytoskeleta...

purpose: to present an extraocular muscle disinsertion in a pterygium surgery case report: a 61-year-old woman presenting an acute diplophia after a nasal pterygium surgery. the medical rectus muscle was cut during the primary surgery which was immediately reported and the muscle was reinserted to its original site and recovery was more or less obtained. conclusion: anatomical consideration met...

INTRODUCTION Abduction deficit in the elderly is commonly caused by sixth cranial nerve palsy due to microvasculopathy. However, not all such cases are of neurogenic origin, as our case report shows. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 75-year-old woman who was generally unwell, developed acute diplopia and was found to have a right abduction deficit in a quiet eye with no gross orbita...

Presentation of one case of extraocular muscle enlargement caused by cysticercosis, its clinical, diagnostic and treatment aspects, and review of the literature on this theme. A female 38-year-old patient with extraocular muscle enlargement and a small cystic lesion at the superior rectus muscle insertion was treated with oral prednisone for almost one year, with a non-specific inflammation of ...

PURPOSE To describe the clinical features of a Caucasian female patient with a history of treated gastrointestinal Whipple's disease (WD) who developed new-onset diplopia, with a description of the histopathological features of the extraocular muscle biopsies. METHODS A previously fit 38-year-old Caucasian female presented with acute-onset diplopia after being on a sustained medication regime...

PURPOSE Compartmentalization of the extraocular muscles into well-defined orbital and global layers is highly conserved. Recently, the active pulley hypothesis correlated the anatomic properties of orbital-global muscle layers with layer-specific division of labor. Microarray technology was used to identify muscle-layer-specific transcriptional profiles and, thereby, extend understanding of the...