Extremely Low Frequency Electric (ELF-EF) and Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) exposure is caused by different types of sources, from those related to the production, transmission, distribution electric currents, technologies common use, such as domestic appliances or transportation. Establishing levels for general public a fundamental step in health risk management process but could be challenging due ...

One of the most important effects ionospheric modification by high power, frequency (HF) waves is generation ultra low frequency/extremely frequency/very (ULF/ELF/VLF) modulated heating. This paper reviews scientific achievements past five decades regarding main mechanisms excitation ULF/ELF/VLF and discusses their characteristics, such as electrojet dependency, location source region, continuo...

Introduction: The present research aimed to examine Visual Working Memory (VWM) test scores, as well as hormonal, genomic, and brain anatomic changes in the male rhesus macaques exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF). Methods: Four monkeys were exposed to two different ELF-MF frequencies: 1 Hz (control) and 12 Hz (experiment) with 0.7 µT (magnitude) 4 h/d for 30 conse...

[1] The penetration of extremely low frequency (ELF) transient electromagnetic fields and associated currents in the Earth’s equatorial E-region plasma is studied theoretically and numerically. In the low-frequency regime, the plasma dynamics of the E-region is characterized by helicon waves since the ions are viscously coupled to neutrals while the electrons remain mobile. For typical equatori...

Introduction: The present study investigated the interactive effect of GABAB receptors and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on foot shock-induced aggression in rats. Methods: fifty adult male rats were randomly assigned into 10 groups. Groups 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 were exposed to 50 Hz, 500 µT ELF-EMF for 30 days 8h per day while the remaining groups (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9) were...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between occupational exposure to extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and Parkinson's disease. METHODS We systematically searched publications reporting risk estimates of Parkinson's disease in workers exposed to ELF-MF. Summary relative risks were obtained with random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We included 11 studies. To assign exposure,...

Objective(s): It is known that extremely low frequency-pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMF) influence multiple cellular and molecular processes. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have a significant part in the emergence and pathophysiology of several ocular disorders, such as neovascularization. This study assessed the impact of ELF-PEMF on the proangiogenic features of RPE cells. Mate...

Zinc as an essential trace element was reported to be involved in regulation of the growth and aging of cells. In this study, rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) of 50 Hz and 20 mT to evaluate whether exposure to ELF-EMF in the presence of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) affects the telomerase reverse transcriptase (...