Let G be a graph. We say that is perfectly divisible if for each induced subgraph H of G, V(H) can partitioned into A and B such H[A] perfect ω(H[B])<ω(H). use Pt Ct to denote path cycle on t vertices, respectively. For two disjoint graphs F1 F2, we F1∪F2 the graph with vertex set V(F1)∪V(F2) edge E(F1)∪E(F2), F1+F2 E(F1)∪E(F2)∪{xy|x∈V(F1) y∈V(F2)}. In this paper, prove (i) (P5,C5,K2,3)-free ar...

BACKGROUND Perosomus elumbis (PE) is a congenital defect that has been observed sporadically in Holstein cattle for many years. However, several cases have been reported in recent years and this may indicate an unrecognised spread of a mutant allele in the Holstein population worldwide. Two cases in Danish Holstein calves are reported to provide details on the phenotype. CASE PRESENTATION Two...

Data were collected on the heart girth (n = 8,565; a measure of body weight) and height at withers (n = 8,568) of Holstein dairy heifers from 659 dairy farms as part of the National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Project during 1991 and 1992. Means and standard deviations for weight and height were determined for ages .5 to 23.5 mo. Third-order polynomial regression equations were derived to study the...

________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Comparisons between production and breeding potential of different feeding systems (Concentrates, Mixed and Pastures) in South Africa were made. Data of active cows participating in performance testing as at November 2007 were used. Holstein cows numbered 68280 in 254 herds and Jersey cows 51275 in 248 her...

The genetic diversity among Canadienne, Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Jersey cattle was estimated from relationships determined by genotyping 20 distantly related animals in each breed for 15 microsatellites located on separate chromosomes. The Canadienne, Holstein, and Jersey cattle had an average of six alleles per loci compared with five alleles for Brown Swiss. Furthermore, a number of potenti...

Excellent reviews of cattle breed comparisons or breed-cross comparisons have been previously reported by Franke (1980), Long (1980), and Marshall (1994). However, these reviews do not contain information on the calving ease, performance, carcass characteristics, or beef palatability of crossbred progeny of Holstein dams sired by different beef breeds. In many countries dairy females are common...

Objective. To determine the associations of BoLA DRB3.2 alleles present in Holstein and BON x Holstein cattle to production and milk quality traits in a dairy herd of Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods. Ninety-one cows, 66 Holstein and 25 BxH, were genotyped for the BoLA DRB3.2 gene, through PCR-RFLP technique. Furthermore, the association of the alleles of the gene BoLA DRB3.2 with mil...

(3) (δh[f ])(x) = (∇h 2 [f ])(x)− (∇−h2 [f ])(x). (4) (~ ∆h[r f1 + f2])(n+ 1)(x) = r · (~ ∆h[f1])(n+ 1)(x) + (~ ∆h[f2])(n+ 1)(x). (5) (~ ∆h[f1 + r f2])(n+ 1)(x) = (~ ∆h[f1])(n+ 1)(x) + r · (~ ∆h[f2])(n+ 1)(x). (6) (~ ∆h[r1 f1 − r2 f2])(n+ 1)(x) = r1 · (~ ∆h[f1])(n+ 1)(x)− r2 · (~ ∆h[f2])(n+ 1)(x). (7) (~ ∆h[f ])(1) = ∆h[f ]. (8) (~ ∇h[r f1 + f2])(n+ 1)(x) = r · (~ ∇h[f1])(n+ 1)(x) + (~ ∇h[f2])(...