The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) receives cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain and nicotine, via activation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), can improve performance in amygdala-based learning tasks. We tested the hypothesis that acute and prenatal nicotine exposure modulates cortico-amygdala synaptic transmission. We found that low-dose, single-tr...

Prosociality has received increasing interest by non-human animal researchers since the initial discoveries that suggested it is not a uniquely human trait. However, thus far studies, even within the same species, have not garnered conclusive results. A prominent suggestion for this disparity is the effect methodology can have on prosocial responses in animals. We recently found evidence of pro...

Animals must often make opposing responses to similar complex stimuli. Multiple sensory inputs from such stimuli combine to produce stimulus-specific patterns of neural activity. It is the differences between these activity patterns, even when small, that provide the basis for any differences in behavioral response. In the present study, we investigate three tasks with differing degrees of over...

this survey research was conducted to investigate the professional facilitation competencies of agricultural extension experts. the statistical population of the study consisted of all extension practitioners working in different provincial extension departments of the ministry of jihad-e-agriculture. using cochran's formula, 232 extension practitioners were selected as sample using multi-...

this commentary considers the vexed question of whether or not we should be spending time and resources on using multifaceted interventions to undertake implementation of evidence in healthcare. a review of systematic reviews has suggested that simple interventions may be just as effective as those taking a multifaceted approach. taking cognisance of the promoting action on research implementat...

Abstract Teams of heterogeneous autonomous robots become increasingly important due to their facilitation various complex tasks. For such robots, there is currently no consistent way describing the functions that each robot provides. In field manufacturing, capability and skill modeling considered a promising approach semantically model provided by different machines. This contribution investig...

Gestalt factors of collinearity and similarity facilitate two fundamental perceptual tasks: grouping elements into figures and segmentation of figures from the ground. We have used a global-local paradigm to examine the psychophysical and neural correlates of these processes in humans: observers discriminated between orientations of either a three-Gabor group (grouping), or of a central Gabor w...

Is it best to learn reading in two languages simultaneously or sequentially? We observed 2nd and 3rd grade children in two-way dual-language learning contexts: (i) 50:50 or Simultaneous dual-language (two languages within same developmental period) and (ii) 90:10 or Sequential dual-language (one language, followed gradually by the other). They were compared to matched monolingual English-only c...

At the onset of dynamic movements excitation of the motor cortex (M1) is spatially restricted to areas representing the involved muscles whereas adjacent areas are inhibited. The current study elucidates whether the cortical motor command for dynamic contractions is also restricted to a certain population of cortical neurons responsible for the fast corticospinal projections. Therefore, cortico...