In MMP-elections for legislatures, political parties compete a voter’s support in two ways: first vote to the party’s candidate single-seat constituency and second list of candidates. To obtain party representation proportional votes, nationwide tally compensates with seats sub-proportional number seats. The German Bundestag has 299 seats, is legal norm, but it got 410 2017 election. This devia...

for a finite group G, we denote by p(G) the minimal degree of faithful permutation representations of G, and denote by c(G), the minimal degree of faithful representation of G by quasi-permutation matrices over the complex field C. In this paper we will assume that, G is a p-group of exponent p and class 2, where p is prime and cd(G) = {1, |G : Z(G)|^1/2}. Then we will s...