designing of a pid controller is a very common method for industrial process control and due to its very simple and efficient function; it is used in a wide variety of industrial applications. pid controller to reduce the steady state error and dynamic response of the system is used. pid controller design is an inevitable problem in setting the coefficients need to try a lot of trial and error,...

Treatment planning in proton therapy requires the calculation of absorbed dose distributions on beam shaping components and the patient anatomy. Analytical pencil-beam dose algorithms commonly used are not always accurate enough. The Monte Carlo approach is more accurate but extremely computationally intensive. The Fast Dose Calculator, a track-repeating algorithm, has been proposed as an alter...

Microgrid control in isolated mode is a highly important subject area. In the present paper, a new method is used for controlling the isolated microgrids. This method was used based on the classification of the microgrids into two groups, namely fast-dynamic (battery and flywheel) and slow-dynamic (diesel generator, electrolyzer, fuel cell). For the microgrid components with fast dynamics, a se...

A novel nonlinear fractional order sliding mode controller is proposed to control the chaotic atomic force microscope system in presence of uncertainties and disturbances. In the design of the suggested fractional order controller, conformable fractional order derivative is applied. The stability of the scheme is proved by means of the Lyapunov theory based on conformable fractional order deriv...

Nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) suffer from a reduction (droop) of the internal quantum efficiency with increasing injection current. This droop phenomenon is currently the subject of intense research worldwide, as it delays general lighting applications of GaN-based LEDs. Several explanations of the efficiency droop have been proposed in recent years, but none is widely accepted. Th...

Integrated voltage regulators with a wide output current/voltage dynamic range are required to support fast dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). Low Dropout Regulators (LDOs) based on digital-intensive circuits have been gaining popularity [1]–[4] due to their compactness, process scalability, high immunity to process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations and easy programmability for de...

The effect of strongly-imbalanced carrier concentration and mobility on efficiency droop is studied by comparing the onset voltage of high injection, the onset current density of the droop, and the magnitude of the droop, as well as their temperature dependence, of GaInN-based blue and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs). An n-to-p asymmetry factor is defined as σn/σp, and was found to be 17.1 f...

model predictive controller is widely used in industrial plants. uncertainty is one of the critical issues in real systems. in this paper, the direct adaptive simplified model predictive control (smpc) is proposed for unknown or time varying plants with uncertainties. by estimating the plant step response in each sample, the controller is designed and the controller coefficients are directly ca...

PURPOSE To compare the safety and efficacy of fixed-dose tafluprost/timolol combination (Taf/T-FDC) with those of fixed-dose latanoprost/timolol combination (Lat/T-FDC) by measuring the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect, ocular pharmacokinetics, and ocular surface toxicity. METHODS The IOP-lowering effect of Taf/T-FDC and Lat/T-FDC in ocular normotensive monkeys was evaluated at 4 an...