The double impulse is introduced as a substitute of the fling-step near-fault ground motion. A closed-form solution of the elastic–plastic response of a structure on compliant (flexible) ground by the “critical double impulse” is derived for the first time based on the solution for the corresponding structure with fixed base. As in the case of fixed-base model, only the free vibration appears u...

Abstract There is a sparse number of credible source models available from largemagnitude past earthquakes. A stochastic source-model-generation algorithm thus becomes necessary for robust risk quantification using scenario earthquakes. We present an algorithm that combines the physics of fault ruptures as imaged in laboratory earthquakes with stress estimates on the fault constrained by field ...

The double impulse input is introduced as a substitute of the fling-step near-fault ground motion and a closed-form solution of the elastic–plastic response of a structure by the “critical double impulse input” is derived. Since only the free-vibration appears under such double impulse input, the energy approach plays an important role in the derivation of the closed-form solution of a complica...

The triple impulse input is used as a simplified version of the forward-directivity near-fault ground motion and a closed-form solution of the elastic–plastic response of a structure by this triple input is obtained. It is noteworthy that only the free-vibration appears under such triple impulse input. An almost critical excitation is defined and its response is derived. The energy approach pla...

near-fault ground motions with long-period pulses can place severe demands on structures near an active fault. these pulse-type ground motions can be represented by pulse sequences with simple shapes. half-sinusoidal pulse sequences are used to approximate recorded ground motions and dynamic responses of sdof system under the excitation of these pulse sequences are studied. four cases are consi...

A primary goal in seismology is to identify constraints arising from the small scale physics of friction and fracture that can provide bounds on seismic hazard and ground motion at the fault scale. Here we review the multi-scale earthquake rupture problem and describe a physical model for the deformation of amorphous materials such as granular fault gouge. The model is based on Shear Transforma...