We study the dynamic and thermodynamic origin of non-canonical equilibria, and we discuss their connection with the generalized central limit theorem and the micro-canonical Boltzmann principle. We reach the conclusion that the zeroth law of thermodynamics and the Boltzmann principle are fulfilled thanks to an apparent fault turned into a benefit: the dynamic approach can only produce a truncat...

Reliability is one of the key problems of an automatic system, especially to the huge, complex, multiple target-based, safety critical and reliability-dependent train control system. A system reliability analysis method based on a dynamic fault tree was proposed to analyse possible fault causes of a whole system in a HLA (High Level Architecture) simulation platform, and according to the princi...

This paper argues that rectificatory justice should supplement distributive justice in allocating priority of access to scarce medical resources. Where a patient is at fault for the scarcity of healthy organs a principle of restitution requires that she should give priority to the faultless. Such restitution is non-punitive, and is akin to reparation in civil law, not criminal law. However, it ...

This paper reviews the use of set-membership methods in robust fault detection and isolation (FDI) and tolerant control (FTC). Set-membership methods use a deterministic unknown-but-bounded description of noise and parametric uncertainty (interval models). These methods aims to check the consistency between observed and predicted behavior by using simple sets to approximate the set of possible ...

A reconfigurable control approach for continuous-time piecewise affine (PWA) systems subject to actuator and sensor faults is presented. The approach extends the concept of virtual actuators and virtual sensors from linear to PWA systems on the basis of the fault-hiding principle that provides the underlying conceptual idea: the fault is hidden from the nominal controller and the fault effects ...

Iterated Hilbert transform (IHT) is a new method for multicomponent demodulation. The principle of IHT is introduced, and some of its properties are researched. Although the amplitudes of the demodulated components obtained by IHT are accurate, there are limitations in the direct estimation of instantaneous frequencies via the extracted phases, so a smoothed instantaneous frequency estimation (...

Arc fault is one of the primary reasons that cause electrical fire. When arc fault occurs in power supply line, the current can not make protective equipments act and the arc fault can not be found and cut off easily, so electrical fire comes into being. In the comparisons, the current signal is used for the detection physical parameter and the wavelet transform is used to study the arc fault d...

The crowbar protection is commonly used for wind turbines with a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) to enhance the low-voltage ride-through capability of the wind turbines. Thus, the fault-current characteristics of DFIG with the crowbar protection under symmetricand asymmetric-fault states are studied in this paper. Firstly, a DFIG dynamic model in the stator stationary reference frame is d...

Pore fluid pressure in a fault zone can be altered by natural processes (e.g., mineral dehydration and thermal pressurization) and industrial operations involving subsurface fluid injection and extraction for the development of energy and water resources. However, the effect of pore pressure change on the stability and slip motion of a preexisting geologic fault remains poorly understood; yet, ...