Aluminum (Al) accumulation in renal failure patients can result in encephalopathy, osteomalacia, and anemia. Since the cellular mechanisms of Al toxicity are not completely understood we used cultured Friend erythroleukemia cells (FEC) as a model system of Al-induced anemia. In this system Al accumulation leads to decreased cell growth and hemoglobin synthesis despite increased iron (Fe) uptake...

In this paper, we evaluate and enhance the performance of the Forward Error Correction (FEC) scheme being defined in the upcoming IEEE 802.11e Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. A novel retransmission-combining technique is proposed to enhance the performance of the MAClevel FEC scheme. We also identify a problem with the IEEE 802.11a physical (PHY) layer when it is used with the MAC-level F...

This document describes a new mechanism for conversational multimedia flows. The proposed mechanism uses Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoded RTP packets (redundant packets) along side the media packets to probe for available network capacity. A straightforward interpretation is, the sending endpoint increases the transmission rate by keeping the media rate constant but increases the amount o...

This document describes a new mechanism for conversational multimedia flows. The proposed mechanism uses Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoded RTP packets (redundant packets) along side the media packets to probe for available network capacity. A straightforward interpretation is, the sending endpoint increases the transmission rate by keeping the media rate constant but increases the amount o...

In this paper, we propose an efficient forward error correction (FEC) technique for video transmission in a lossy network. Here, the FEC is applied on source packets at group of pictures level assuming an MPEG-like compression scheme. We also derive analytically an estimate of the playable frame rate for the proposed technique. It is shown, by both analysis and simulation, that the proposed FEC...

Future wireless communication systems will demand high data rates for delivery of data like multimedia content. The use of MIMO systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas enables the introduction of space-time coding to improve link reliablity and spatial multiplexing to increase spectral efficiency. Recently a class of codes was proposed in [14] which makes it possible to combine spac...

BACKGROUND The purpose was to investigate adjuvant marrow-supportive high-dose chemotherapy compared with an equitoxicity-tailored comparator arm. PATIENTS AND METHODS Five hundred and twenty-five women below the age of 60 years with operated high-risk primary breast cancer were randomised to nine cycles of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor supported and individually tailored FEC (5-fluor...

Under traditional IP multicast, application-level FEC can only be implemented on an end-to-end basis between the sender and the clients. Emerging overlay and peer-to-peer (p2p) networks open the door for new paradigms of network FEC. The deployment of FEC within these emerging networks has received very little attention (if any). In this paper, we analyze and optimize the impact of Network-Embe...

In this paper, we propose a two-stage FEC scheme with an enhanced MAC protocol especially for multimedia data transmission over wireless LANs. The proposed scheme enables the joint optimization of protection strategies across the protocol stack, and packets with errors are delivered to the application layer for correction or drop. In stage 1, packet-level FEC is added across packets at the appl...

In this paper, we propose the low-MAC FEC controller for practical implementation of JPEG2000 image transmission using IEEE 802.15.4. The proposed low-MAC FEC controller has very small HW size and spends little computation to estimate channel state. Because of this advantage, it is acceptable to apply IEEE 802.15.4 which has to operate more than 1 year with battery. For the image transmission, ...