addiction to drugs, such as heroin, cocaine and alcohol, exacts great human and financial costs on society. various evidence-based pharmacological and psychosocial interventions are currently used in the treatment of drug addiction but they do not produce adequate therapeutic benefits in every patient. further, barriers such as financial cost, lack of availability, or perceptions of existing tr...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes mortality among Latinx population in U.S. In recent years, an increased risk CVD young adults has been observed. During emerging adulthood, health behaviors are adapted that can affect cardiometabolic factors (CMRF) providing opportunity for targeted prevention strategies. Research highlighted association between gut dysbiosis and elevat...

conclusions with regard to improving the understanding of the differences in the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota between rd infants and h infants, the findings of this study can provide a possible basis to reveal the relationship between rd and intestinal microbiota. objectives this study aimed to reveal the changes in the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota of infants with rd. patients a...

background: the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sanitization of lettuce according to the protocols set forth by iranian ministry of health and medical education for reducing populations of total coliform, fecal coliform, and helminth eggs present on lettuce. methods: in the present study, we determined the load of total coliform, fecal coliform, and parasites of lettuce....

hemorrhoidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with third or fourth-degree hemorrhoids. although the majority of surgeons believe that surgical hemorrhoidectomy is the most effective approach with excellent results in the management of hemorrhoid disease, but hemorrhoidectomy is not a simple procedure. one of the complications of this surgery is an injury to anal sphincters that can l...

BACKGROUND Access to safe drinking water is essential for health. Monitoring access to drinking water focuses on water supply type at the source, but there is limited evidence on whether quality differences at the source persist in water stored in the household. OBJECTIVES We assessed the extent of fecal contamination at the source and in household stored water (HSW) and explored the relation...

OBJECTIVE To detect the main factors associated with the occurrence of specific geriatric syndromes (namely pressure sores, fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence and falls) in elderly patients during hospitalization. DESIGN Observational prospective study. SETTING Eighty-one community and university hospitals throughout Italy. PARTICIPANTS 13,729 patients aged 65 years and more, consec...

In low-income settings, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive mothers must choose between breastfeeding their infants and risking transmission of HIV or replacement feeding their infants and risking diarrheal disease from contaminated water. We conducted a cross-sectional study of children < 2 years of age of 254 HIV-positive mothers in peri-urban Zambia to assess their exposure to waterb...

BACKGROUND Drinking water contaminated by chemicals or pathogens is a major public health threat in the developing world. Responses to this threat often require water consumers (households or communities) to improve their own management or treatment of water. One approach hypothesized to increase such positive behaviors is increasing knowledge of the risks of unsafe water through the disseminat...

TO THE EDITOR: I would like to thank Dr. Lee for his thoughtful comments on the impact of constipation on fecal incontinence. The coexistence of fecal incontinence and constipation has been well characterized in children and the geriatric population. Fecal incontinence in children is secondary to ‘overflow’ which results from the presence of constipation. Also fecal incontinence occurs in a var...