Pain on the ulnar side of the wrist remains poorly understood. As attention has shifted toward the myriad causes of ulnar-sided wrist pain, the utility of viewing the wrist from a volar ulnar (VU) perspective has emerged. Lunotriquetral ligament tears have been implicated in the pathogenesis of volar intercalated segmental instabilities. They often originate in the palmar subregion, which is mo...

During the last two decades, increased knowledge of functional anatomy and pathophysiology of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) have contributed to a change in surgeons' perspective toward it. The earlier concept of the TFCC as the "hammock" structure of the ulnar carpus has updated to the "iceberg" concept, whereby the much larger "submerged" part represents the foveal insertions of...

We evaluated the clinical and occupational outcomes of arthroscopic treatment with electrothermal shrinkage for triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears. We retrospectively reviewed 162 patients. All patients had ulnar-sided wrist pain that limited their occupational and sporting activities. The surgical technique consisted of electrothermal collagen shrinkage of the TFCC. Pain relief, ra...

Introduction A unilateral external fixator comprises of a collection of pins, clamps and sidebars to form a construct on one side of the limb that can be used to stabilise bone fractures and promote healing. An external fixator can allow the operator to alter the flexibility of the fixation. In the presence of flexible fixation, fracture healing happens through the creation of callus, which mec...

There have been few descriptions of the site of attachment onto the triquetrum, the so-called meniscal homologue, of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). We have investigated the sites of attachment onto the triquetrum of 87 TFCCs collected from embalmed cadavers. All TFCCs were smoothly attached to the triquetrum. In 79 (46 cases, 90%) they were attached to the triquetrum and fifth me...

Tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) often lead to chronic wrist pain. The commonly used 2-needle outside-in and inside-out suturing techniques require an extra incision to tie the sutures subcutaneously. We use a practical and cost-effective arthroscopic technique for treatment of peripheral Palmer type 1B TFCC tears using a hypodermic needle. This obviates the need for an add...

Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries are increasingly recognized as a cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. Palmer grouped these tears into either traumatic or degenerative, with various subclassifications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arthrogram, and arthroscopy are the methods used to establish the diagnosis. Several arthroscopic methods of TFCC repair including outside-in, insid...

Focal chondral defects of the knee, either due to trauma or other conditions such as osteochondritis dissecans, often fail to heal on their own and may be associated with pain, loss of function, disability, and the long-term complication of osteoarthritis. The ideal resurfacing technique would eliminate symptoms, restore normal biomechanics of the knee joint, and prevent the long-term emergence...