s: We would like to sincerely express our gratitude to the university of Tehran and faculty of veterinary medicine research council for approval and financial support for this extensive evaluation of tensile strength of the superficial digital flexor tendon in horses subjected to Transcutaneous Electrical Neural Stimulation (TENS) therapeutic regimen Problems statement: The purpose of this stud...

Equine tendon injuries have been recognized and treated for centuries. In early American texts, poor conformation was considered a primary risk factor. “Tied-in” at the knees and long, weak, and slender pasterns were thought to predispose the horse to injury because of mechanical disadvantage. Any trait that favored fetlock extension such as low heels and long toes was thought to increase a hor...

In this paper a model is presented which visualises the biomechanical functioning of the loaded and unloaded theree-tendon bi-articular chain. This model allows to graphically determine in any position of the chain (i) the exact ranges of loads which can be sustained by the different motors; (ii) the motors forces; (iii) the feasibility of the (unloaded) equilibrium; and (iv) the conditions for...

Objective- The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and ultrasonographic alterations in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of  horses with collagenase-induced tendinitis. Design- Experimental study.   Animals- Five clinically normal adult horse.   Procedures- Two thousand units of collagenase were injected in the center of the SDFT of forelimbs of each horse under ultrasou...

All too frequently, a painful and deformed digit may be diagnosed under the commonly used terminology of "hammer toe”, when in fact it may not be a hammer toe at all. Digital deformities vary widely in their presentation, severity, and etiology. To choose the best possible surgical procedure for correction of the deformity, it is critical that certain aspects of the deformity be clearly identif...

objectives: the objective was to determine the results of early active controlled motion in the patients rehabilitated by our new protocol. methods: 91 fingers in 64 patients with flexor tendon repair in all zones were enrolled in a single group (quasi-experimental) clinical trial. 58 fingers in 43 patients were assessed at least three months postoperatively. outcomes were defined using the ‘wh...

We describe a case of an 8-year-old boy who developed a combined motor and sensory neuropathy of the distal ulnar nerve, after sustaining a superficial injury to the right flexor carpi ulnaris tendon at the level of the distal wrist crease. Guyon's canal syndrome is a very rare entity during childhood. We have noted only one prior description of this syndrome in the pediatric age group in a rev...

CASE SERIES SUMMARY Three cats, Siamese or Siamese cross, were presented with a chronic thoracic limb weightbearing lameness. Previous anti-inflammatory administrations were unable to improve lameness consistently in the three cats. Two of the three cats had undergone onychectomy several years before presentation. A permanent flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint of one or more digits, ...