This study examines whether the transition probability from employment to nonemployment among married immigrant women is consistent with the Family Investment Hypothesis (FIH). A dynamic random effects model is used and the estimations are based on a longitudinal database covering the period 1990-1996. The results indicate that the relationship between the transition probability from employment...

For clinical research to be ethical, risks need to be balanced by anticipated benefits. This is challenging for first-in-human (FIH) studies as participants are not expected to benefit directly, and risks are potentially high. We argue that this differentiates FIH studies from other clinical trials to the extent that they should be given unique status in international research ethics guidelines...

Familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (FIH) is a rare group of genetic disorder associated with dysregulation parathyroid hormonal axis characterized by refractory hypocalcaemia. Herein we report 1 month 4 days old baby born out consanguineous marriage presented respiratory distress single episode convulsion, cause pointing towards The hypocalcaemia symptoms were despite repeated calcium glucona...

Two transient receptor potential (TRP) channels-TRPA1 and TRPV3-are post-translationally hydroxylated, resulting in oxygen-dependent regulation of channel activity. The enzymes responsible are the HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and the asparaginyl hydroxylase factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). The PHDs and FIH are well characterized for their hydroxylation of the hypoxic inducible transcription facto...

First-in-human (FIH) studies with AZD3514, a selective androgen receptor (AR) down-regulator, showed decreases of >30% in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in some patients. A modeling approach was adopted to understand these observations and define the optimum clinical use hypothesis for AZD3514 for clinical testing. Initial empirical modeling showed that only baseline PSA correlated signifi...

Background. First-in-human (FIH) trials of low-molecular-weight anticanceragentsconventionallyderiveasafestartdose(SD)from one-tenth the severely toxic dose in 10% of rodents or one-sixth thehighestnonseverely toxicdose (HNSTD) innonrodent species. No consensushasbeen reachedonwhether this paradigmcanbe safely applied to biotechnology-derived products (BDPs). Materials and Methods. A comprehens...

We have confirmed that the NO donor (+/-)-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) stabilizes the transactive form of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), leading to the induction of HIF-1alpha target genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor and carbonic anhydrase 9. Activation of HIF-1alpha should require inhibition of the dual system that keeps it inactive. One is ubiquitinatio...

BACKGROUND First-in-human (FIH) trials of low-molecular-weight anticancer agents conventionally derive a safe start dose (SD) from one-tenth the severely toxic dose in 10% of rodents or one-sixth the highest nonseverely toxic dose (HNSTD) in nonrodent species. No consensus has been reached on whether this paradigm can be safely applied to biotechnology-derived products (BDPs). MATERIALS AND M...

PURPOSE Expression of erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptor (Epo-R) has been shown in various normal and neoplastic nonhematopoietic tissues. This study, in non-small cell lung carcinoma, was designed to investigate the previously unreported expression of Epo and Epo-R as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), which is known to control Epo expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sample...

BACKGROUND Detailed injury data are not available for international tournaments in field hockey. We investigated the epidemiology of field hockey injuries during major International Hockey Federation (Fédération Internationale de Hockey, FIH) tournaments in 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS FIH injury reports were used for data collection. All major FIH tournaments for women (n=5) and men (n=11) in...