Population regulation results from an interplay of numerous intrinsic and external factors, and for many insects cannibalism is such a factor. This study confirms a previously-reported observation that sublethal exposure to the fossilized remains of diatoms (i.e. diatomaceous earth) increases net fecundity (eggs produced minus eggs destroyed/day) of flour beetles, Tribolium confusum. The aim wa...

Background: Social distance, which is linked with negative emotional impacts, is one strategy to avoid coronary heart disease, particularly for single parents and their children. The purpose of this research was to see how helpful filial therapy and cognitive-behavioral art-play therapy are for single mothers' emotional perspectives. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with three...

Background: Care giving for an elderly parent is a universal developmental task, and in all societies is one of the women tasks; its expectations are considered norms known as filial responsibility. The aim of the study is to examine the possibility of connections between the attitudes toward filial responsibility to elderly parents and the attachment style in adulthood and age (generation) amo...

BACKGROUND Perceived stress influences the health and well-being of older adults. This study aims to examine the association between the expectation and the receipt of filial piety and perceived stress among U.S Chinese older adults. METHODS Data were drawn from the PINE study, a population-based study of Chinese older adults aged 60 and above in the greater Chicago area. Perceived stress was...

For over 30 years, the African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, has been an important model system for studying the mechanisms underlying socially mediated behavioral change, with the focus being the dominance behavior of males. A recently collected wild-stock (WS) of this species invigorates interest in parallel studies of females' behavior. Here, we describe a robust 'good-mother' phenoty...

Cannibals and their victims often share common resources and thus potentially compete. Smaller individuals are often competitively superior to larger ones because of size-dependent scaling of foraging and metabolic rates, while larger ones may use cannibalism to counter this competition. We study the interplay between cannibalism and competition using a size-structured population model in which...

The effect of stocking density (10, 31.6 and 100 larvae l ; three replicates per treatment) on the day-by-day dynamics of survival, growth and cannibalism was examined in sibling perch larvae reared from eyed-egg stage in 100-l cages (16L:8D, 20.0F 0.5 jC, O2z 6.0 mg l ; feeding in excess with live Artemia nauplii during the photophase) during the first 3 weeks of exogenous feeding. Larvae unab...

Cannibalism, which is the act of killing and at least partial consumption of conspecifics, is ubiquitous in nature. Mathematical models have considered cannibalism in the predator primarily, and show that predator cannibalism in two species ODE models provides a strong stabilizing effect. There is strong ecological evidence that cannibalism exists among prey as well, yet this phenomenon has bee...

Cannibalism is a very important factor regulating population dynamics of the red flour beetle. After several days of feeding, the flour becomes conditioned by the beetles, which can affect rates of cannibalism. Flour conditioning is caused by an accumulation of feces, pheromones, and ethylquinone, which is a repellent produced by the beetles. We determined the effect of five different levels o...

Aim Kangal dogs, known as guard dogs in many countries of the world, have been found to eat their own puppies during their first 24 h following birth, which is called as maternal cannibalism. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) are important enzymes for purine metabolism. In this study, the aim is to evaluate ADA and XO activities in Kangal dogs with maternal cannibalism. Mate...