In this paper we review the relative entropy meathods for the option pricing theory in the incomplete markets. First we summarize the known results with respect to the existence of minimal relative entropy martingale measure (MEMM), and then we give several examples of the pricing models related to the MEMM (for example, the [Geometric Lévy & MEMM] pricing model). After that we explain the math...

This paper studies asset pricing in arbitrage-free financial markets in general state space (both for frictionless market and for market with transaction cost). The mathematical formulation is based on a locally convex topological space for weakly arbitrage-free securities’ structure and a separable Banach space for strictly arbitragefree securities’ structure. We establish, for these two types...

The [GLP & MEMM] pricing model (= [Geometric Lévy Process & Minimal Entropy Martingale Measure] pricing model) has been introduced as a pricing model for the incomplete financial market. This model has many good properties and is applicable to very wide classes of underlying asset price processes including the geometric stable processes. We explain those good properties and see several examples...

We consider some further applications of martingale pricing to problems in financial engineering. In particular, we will show how dynamic portfolio optimization problems in complete markets may be solved using martingale pricing methods. We will see, as a result, how the problems of security pricing and portfolio optimization are very closely related. We then introduce real options and discuss ...

The option pricing problem is one of central contents in modern finance. In this paper, European option pricing formula is formulated for fuzzy financial market and some mathematical properties of them are discussed. This formula may be regarded as the fuzzy counterpart of Black-Scholes option pricing formula. In addition, some illustrative examples are also documented with MATLAB codes. c ©200...

The option pricing problem is one of central contents in modern finance. In this paper, European option pricing formula is formulated for fuzzy financial market and some mathematical properties of them are discussed. This formula may be regarded as the fuzzy counterpart of Black-Scholes option pricing formula. In addition, some illustrative examples are also documented with MATLAB codes. c ©200...

This paper studies how a client's bankruptcy risk, together with its accounting quality and corporate governance, affect audit pricing. We use the unusual economic conditions of the 1998 Asian financial crisis as a stress test of the effect of these factors on audit pricing in Hong Kong. We find that audit fees are highly sensitive to a client firm's financial condition, corporate governance, a...

the risk free rate of return plays a main role in financial economic theory and financial markets. due to prohibition of interest in islamic countries there is no specific financial instrument with risk free rate of return as a criterion for measuring the risk free rate of market. we apply the kalman filter to estimate this variable for financial markets in iran. the technique is based on a sta...

One of the most widely used (and most successful) methods for pricing financial and insurance instruments under risk is the Wang transform method. In this paper, we provide a new explanation for the empirical success of Wang’s method – by providing a new simpler justification for the Wang transform. Pricing under risk: a problem. The price of most financial instruments unpredictably (randomly) ...

In this paper, a new identification of the Lagrange multipliers by means of the Sumudu transform, is employed to  btain a quick and accurate solution to the fractional Black-Scholes equation with the initial condition for a European option pricing problem. Undoubtedly this model is the most well known model for pricing financial derivatives. The fractional derivatives is described in Caputo sen...