BACKGROUND The way in which a government chooses to finance a health intervention can affect the uptake of health interventions and consequently the extent of health gains. In addition to health gains, some policies such as public finance can insure against catastrophic health expenditures. We aimed to evaluate the health and financial risk protection benefits of selected interventions that cou...

Background: Health systems are required to examine achievement of the goals based on appropriate frameworks. Assessment of health system in a country provides an opportunity to address the main mission through recognizing new needs and resolving existing gaps. Then this review study examines Iran’s health systems achievement of the goals set by the World Health Organization’s conceptual framewo...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) face unique challenges in accessing affordable health care. Massachusetts implemented major health reform in 2006; little is known about the impact of this state's health reform on uninsurance, access to care, and financial protection for privately and publicly insured CSHCN. METHODS We used a difference-in-differences ...

We provide cross-country evidence to examine how financial market development affects innovation. Using a large data set including 34 developed as well as emerging countries, we differentiate the impacts of equity market and credit market development on a country’s innovation productivity measured by patenting. Our baseline results show that, while the development of equity markets encourages i...

Although cancer patients may incur a wide range of cancer-related out-of-pocket costs and experience reduced income, the consequences of this financial burden are poorly understood. We investigated: financial adjustments needed to cope with the cancer-related financial burden; financial distress (defined as a reaction to the state of personal finances); and factors that increase risk of financi...

1998, employment of never-married mothers rose by an astonishing 40 percent. Moving welfare recipients from welfare to work is the primary goal of current welfare policy. Four years after passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the nation is achieving considerable success in reaching this goal. During the 1990s, the public sector enhanced poor fa...

Thousands of U.S. households filed for bankruptcy just before the bankruptcy law changed in 2005. That rush-to-file was more pronounced, we find, in states with more generous bankruptcy exemptions and lower credit scores. We take that finding as evidence that the new law effectively reduces exemptions, which in turn should reduce the “demand” for bankruptcy and the resulting losses to suppliers...

Natural resource managers are often expected to achieve both environmental protection and economic development even when there are fundamental trade-offs between these goals. Adaptive management provides a theoretical structure for program administrators to balance social priorities in the presence of trade-offs and to improve conservation targeting. We used the case of Mexico's federal Payment...

This study addresses the role of audit committees and auditors in the reporting of internal control deficiencies after the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). We find that a higher number of meetings of the audit committee, lesser proportion of ‘financial experts’ in the audit committee, and more auditor changes characterize firms that report weaknesses in their internal controls compared ...

Purpose – This column aims to look at the different economic and intellectual approaches to copyright as separate cultures whose assumptions and approaches make it difficult for them to share a single copyright law. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology relies heavily on anthropological analysis to distinguish the expectations and language of subgroups and microcultures within the large...