Different foam formulations are or could become available where the use of film-forming foam is potentially restricted. Alternative foam formulations have different levels of fire extinguishment and burnback performance. The intent of this paper is to present a framework for determining “how good is good enough” in terms of foam agent performance. The focus is on the required fire extinguishing...

Natural gas (NG) is used as a home energy supply and, with or without ignition, is rarely misused to result in death. The authors report an unusual suicidal explosive death induced by NG. A huge explosion with resultant fire had blown out a bungalow, with destructive damage predominantly above the ground, resulting in only 1 exterior wall and the foundation still in place. The victim was transf...

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of personal variables on the fit of the respirators used by firefighters and workers in highly polluted environments. However, resistance from many plants managers was met to conduct the study on their workers. Therefore, we were forced to limit the study on firefighters who were found very cooperative. Forty volunteer firefighters from differe...

This paper describes the steps performed by the authors’ company to validate and qualify the introduction of a new fire protection system for heavy-duty gas turbines based on water mist technology. Initially, a finite element model (FEM) of a newly developed 32 MW-class industrial gas turbine for mechanical drive and power generation was generated to simulate gas turbine (GT) casings deformatio...

Programmable logic controller (PLC) can be programmed for various purposes, one of which is to design a fire extinguishing system, by assembling several components PLC, solenoid, springkle, powersupply ,adapter ,smokedetector, heatdetector, pilotlamp, pushbutton, relay, selector switch. the program settings detect smoke and high temperatures that occur in event fire. if sensor detects temperatu...

There are three main types of forest fires: surface fires, tree crown and underground fires. The frequency fires accounts for more than 90% the overall In order to construct an immersive three-dimensional visualization simulation various fire ignition methods, spread, extinguishing exercises studied. This paper proposes a lightweight spread method based on cellular automata applied virtual 3D w...