Radiation exposure to the surgeon and patient was measured in 14 patients during internal fixation of trochanteric fractures of the femur. Dosimetry studies were also done to determine the directions of maximum scatter production. The results indicated that the standard lead apron suffices for adequate gonadal and bone marrow shielding but the surgeon is still exposed to significant radiation l...

We describe a phenomenological model for molecular hydrogen formation suited for applications in galaxy formation simulations, which includes non-equilibrium formation of H2 on dust and approximate treatment of both its self-shielding and shielding by dust from the dissociating UV radiation. The model is applicable in simulations in which individual star forming regions – the giant molecular co...

This article proposes a single-layer, dual-band, optically transparent frequency-selective surface (FSS) for GSM shielding. The design evolves from fractal cross dipole to achieve dual-band response, polarization insensitivity, and wide angle of incidence stability with miniaturized size. A two-axis symmetric structure helps provide stable frequency response incident waves different angles up 6...

This paper reports a flexible and stretchable metamaterial-based "skin" or meta-skin with tunable frequency selective and cloaking effects in microwave frequency regime. The meta-skin is composed of an array of liquid metallic split ring resonators (SRRs) embedded in a stretchable elastomer. When stretched, the meta-skin performs as a tunable frequency selective surface with a wide resonance fr...

The response of collisionless plasmas to an applied potential can differ from classic Debye shielding, and when the potential is rapidly applied ~‘‘instantaneous shielding’’!, the shielding can differ from when it is slowly applied ~‘‘adiabatic shielding’’!. Experiments demonstrate that when a test potential well is applied to a one-dimensional pure-electron plasma, instantaneous and adiabatic ...

................................................................................................................................... iv 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Basic Concepts in Radiation Protection and Shielding .................................................... 1 2.1 Shieldin...

background: monte carlo simulations play a vital role in the calculation of the necessary shielding both for neutrons and photons. advanced and simple shielding materials against neutron and gamma rays were compared by simulation using the mcnb4b monte carlo code. the simulations were carried out for the three common neutron sources, namely the 252cf, the 241am/be and the dd neutron generator w...