It is important to study the effects of air condensation in hypersonic wind tunnels and to establish the degree of supersaturation achievable because savings in heating requirements or increase in Mach number may be achieved. The degree of supersaturation measured in this tunnel shows that with the present heater the upper limit on Mach number may be extended 22 from M = 9 to M = 12. Proof test...

We study condensation of closed string tachyons living on defects, such as orbifold fixed planes and Neveu-Schwarz fivebranes. We argue that the high energy density of localized states decreases in the process of condensation of such tachyons. In some cases this means that ceff decreases along the flow; in others, ceff remains constant and the decreasing quantity is a closed string analog, gcl,...

A general kinetic nucleation and condensation model is proposed and implemented in the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Both gas and clusters are treated as particles in this model, and clusters possess internal energy and potential energy. Nucleation and condensation processes are treated as collision events, and the probability for possible nucleation or condensation is determined from t...

This paper presents the heat transfer coefficients and the pressure drop measured during HC-600a (Isobutane) condensation inside a brazed plate heat exchanger: the effects of saturation temperature, refrigerant mass flux and vapour super-heating are investigated. The heat transfer coefficients show weak sensitivity to saturation temperature and great sensitivity to refrigerant mass flux. At low...

We evaluated the effect of varicocelectomy on semen parameters and levels of sperm DNA damage in infertile men. A total of 75 infertile men with varicocele and 40 fertile men (controls) were included in this study. Semen analysis and sperm DNA damage expressed as the DNA fragmentation index using acridine orange staining and chromatin condensation test by flow cytometry were assessed before and...

A simple, practical and efficient continuous-flow hydration-condensation protocol was developed for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones starting from alkynes and aldehydes by employing a heterogeneous catalyst in a flow microwave. The procedure presents a straightforward and convenient access to valuable differently substituted chalcones and can be applied on multigram scale.

Stopped-flow circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy are used to characterize the assembly of complexes consisting of plasmid DNA bound to the cationic lipids dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide and 1, 2-dioleoyl- 3-trimethylammonium-propane and a series of polyamidoamine dendrimers. The kinetics of complexation determined from the stopped-flow circular dichroism measurements suggests ...