Within the globalization discourse, the concept of supply chain management has been actively investigated as it brings new challenges to the setting and organization of global freight flows (Leinbach and Capineri, 2007; Meixell and Gargeya, 2005; Waters, 2010). Every aspect of supply chain management, from product design, the sourcing of parts, the assembly and distribution has been impacted by...

We consider the Ricci flow for simply connected nilmanifolds, which translates to a Ricci flow on the space of nilpotent metric Lie algebras. We consider the evolution of the inner product with respect to time and the evolution of structure constants with respect to time, as well as the evolution of these quantities modulo rescaling. We set up systems of O.D.E.’s for some of these flows and des...

This paper presents a comprehensive framework model of a distribution company with security and reliability considerations. A probabilistic wind farm, which is a renewable energy resource, is modeled in this work. The requirement energy of distribution company can be either provided by distribution company’s own distributed generations or purchased from power market. Two reliability indices as ...

The Metropolitan Seoul Subway system, consisting of 380 stations, provides the major transportation mode in the metropolitan Seoul area. Focusing on the network structure, we analyze statistical properties and topological consequences of the subway system. We further study the passenger flows on the system, and find that the flow weight distribution exhibits a power-law behavior. In addition, t...

Due to high applicability of the fixed bed catalytic naphtha reforming reactors, hydrodynamic features of this kind of reactors with radial flow pattern are improved in this work by utilising computational fluid dynamics technique. Effects of catalytic bed porosity, inlet flow rate and flow regime through the bed on the flow distribution within the system are investigated.It is found that t...

flow unit characterization plays an important role in heterogeneity analysis and reservoir simulation studies. usually, a correct description of the lateral variations of reservoir is associated with uncertainties. from this point of view, the well data alone does not cover reservoir properties. because of large well distances, it is difficult to build the model of a heterogenic reservoir, but ...

the role of unit hydrograph is very important in prediction of floods in the rivers, design protection and control structures in the catchment area. therefore in the basin without hydrometric stations, by using mathematical and empirical relationship and based on climatic data, the water level in the basin is estimated. two methods of geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph and width funct...

in this paper, numerical investigation of a flat passive micromixer with heterogeneous surface properties that the flow through it, is driven by the electroosmotic flow have been presented. the governing equations, which consist of a laplace equation for the distribution of external electric potential, a poisson equation for the distribution of electric double layer potential, modified navier-s...

The geometrical dimension of the wall-hanging air-conditioner indoor unit affects thermal comfort. In this paper, fluent software is used and standard k-e two equation turbulent model chosen to carry out simulation temperature field flow six different sizes single in room. distribution, velocity distribution PMV plane which 1.8m from ground are given. It can be known that under condition kinds ...

The aim of this paper is the steady state and dynamic simulations of the ammonia unit of Shiraz petrochemical complex and system behavior study versus the feed flow rate change for producing a good quality product. The ammonia unit consists of the reformer units, shift converter units, carbon dioxide absorption unit, methanation unit, and ammonia synthesis unit. For this purpose, in the first s...