Fluids available for intravenous volume replacement may be either crystalloid or colloid. The fundamental differences between these fluids are their effects on the Starling equation (table 1) which describes fluid flux between the intravascular and interstitial spaces. Starling stated that the rate of fluid movement into or out of a capillary is related to the net hydrostatic pressure minus the...

At the moment, adequate fluid resuscitation, pain control and organ support represent the cornerstones of treatment for acute pancreatitis, especially for the severe forms of the disease [1]. Regarding fluid resuscitation in severe acute pancreatitis, the following questions should be answered: 1.What is the adequate volume of fluid to be administered and when should it be administered? 2. What...

This study examined fluid intake, weight changes, and palatability of water and a carbohydrate-electrolyte (ECHO) beverage in two groups of eight subjects performing 4 hours of simulated industrial work while wearing impermeable protective clothing. Subjects also rated the palatability of a flavorless orange-colored water and four commercially available orange-flavored fluid-replacement drinks....

Treatment for ileus includes decompression of the stomach, replacement of fluid and electrolyte losses with parenteral fluids, and use of a variety of prokinetic agents. However, there is disagreement as to the effects of indwelling stomach tubes on reflux, the rate of fluid replacement, and the most effective prokinetic agents to use. Therefore, this review is intended to provide a rational, s...

Three patients with cryoglobulinemia have been treated with automated plasma exchange procedures in which the replacement fluid was autologous plasma. obtained at a previous plasmapheresis and incubated in the cold to precipitate abnormal protein. All three responded with a reduction in cryoglobulin level and an improvement in clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinemia. The cost of treatment w...

Three patients with cryoglobulinemia have been treated with automated plasma exchange procedures in which the replacement fluid was autologous plasma, obtained at a previous plasmapheresis and incubated in the cold to precipitate abnormal protein. All three responded with a reduction in cryoglobulin level and an improvement in clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinemia. The cost of treatment w...

INTRODUCTION Animals presenting with either acute or chronic disease can exhibit a wide variety of fluid imbalances. The cat that has been chronically vomiting may be dehydrated but have normal perfusion. The dog that has been hit by a car may require intravascular volume replacement to treat hemorrhagic shock but will have normal hydration. The puppy with parvoviral enteritis and severe diarrh...