Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS), a non-intrusive multiple scattering technique, can be used to study the fundamentals of particle motion in dynamic dense granular media and measure the mean of the square of the particle velocity fluctuations about their mean, which is related directly to the so-called 'granular temperature' that underpins many theories for dynamic granular processes. An overv...

The fluidized bed drying principles for drying of tea in Bangladesh is thoroughly studied. The experiments were conducted to determine the drying curve, drying time, drying constant and dynamic equilibrium moisture contents of tea at the Bangladesh Tea Research Institute. Drying of tea in a fluidized bed dryer (Kilburn Vibro Fluid Bed Dryer) takes only 20 min for drying from an initial moisture...

Palm kernel shell is an important bioenergy resource in Thailand. However, due to elevated alkali content in biomass ash, this oil palm residue shows high tendency to bed agglomeration in a fluidized-bed combustion system using conventional bed material (silica sand). In this study, palm kernel shell was burned in the conical fluidized-bed combustor (FBC) using alumina and dolomite as alternati...

A bench-scale updraft gasifier was used as a fluidized- and fixed-bed gasification unit in three modes (fluidized-bed at equivalence ratios (ER) =0.2 and 0.25, and a mode in fixed-bed). The experiments were done in five different temperatures (650, 700, 750, 800 and 850oC). To obtain the required data to develop a thermodynamic equilibrium model, the proximate and ultimate analysis w...

We demonstrate that a fluidized bed of hard spheres during defluidization displays properties associated with formation of a glass. The final state is rate dependent, and as this state is approached, the bed exhibits heterogeneity with increasing time and length scales. The formation of a glass results in the arrest of macroscopic particle motion and thus the loss of fluidization. Microscopic m...

We demonstrate that a fluidized bed of hard spheres undergoes a glass transition during defluidization. As in other glass-forming systems, the dynamics of the bed becomes heterogeneous as the transition is approached; spatial and temporal correlation scales increase rapidly. Microscopic motion persists in the glass state, but the bed can be jammed (all motion arrested) by application of a small...

Size enlargement of fine powders by wet granulation involves mixing of fine particles with a binder liquid to form larger wet granules and drying them by evaporation of the binder liquid to form larger dry granules. Identification of the time for completion of granulation process is critical as further mixing of dry granules is providing extra energy for their attrition. In a batch fluidized be...

Drying of green peas in a Fluidized Bed Dryer (FBD) with inert particle, heated by combined sources of hot air and InfraRed (IR) radiation, has been experimentally and theoretically studied. For this purpose, an experimental set up was constructed. This setup was composed of a cylindrical bed dryer containing some inert particles which are fluidized by hot air. Some infrared lamps were also pla...

Fluidized beds have been widely used in power generation and in the chemical, biochemical, and petroleum industries. The 3D simulation of commercial scale fluidized beds has been computationally impractical due to the required memory and processor speeds. However, in this study, 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation of a gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed is performed to investigate the effe...

A review is presented on fifty years of research crystallization in fluidized bed reactors (FBRs). FBRs are suitable for recovery slightly soluble compounds from aqueous solutions, as it yields large, millimeter sized particles, which reuse and permits low liquid residence times the timescale minutes. Full-scale applications water softening have been applied since 1980s, then, new developed or ...