OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness and side effects of migraine prophylactic medications. DESIGN We performed a network meta-analysis. Data were extracted independently in duplicate and quality was assessed using both the JADAD and Cochrane Risk of Bias instruments. Data were pooled and network meta-analysis performed using random effects models. DATA SOURCES PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Tr...

BACKGROUND Spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurring 16-24 hours after left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion in the canine heart is most likely based on abnormal automaticity. In vitro, it has been demonstrated that the rate of the arrhythmia and the effect of overdrive pacing depends on the maximal diastolic potential (MDP). The MDP is also of importance i...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the putative protective effect of calcium channel blockers on hippocampal neurons in the experimental model of excitotoxic damage. METHODS Seven-day old primary dissociated cultures of rat hippocampal neural cells containing one of the following calcium channel blockers: cinnarizine, flunarizine or nimodipine were exposed to glutamate-induced in...

AIM The aim of this study was to report a single-centre experience of flunarizine in childhood migraine with focus on safety and efficacy. METHOD We conducted a retrospective observational audit of 72 individuals (40 male, 32 female; mean age 13y; age range 1y 6mo-17y) at a tertiary paediatric neurology unit between 1998 and 2009. Children were included if they had a diagnosis of migraine and...

BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that endocardial activation during long-duration ventricular fibrillation (VF) exhibits organized activity. We identified and quantified the different types of organized activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Two 64-electrode basket catheters were inserted, respectively, into the left ventricle and right ventricle of dogs to record endocardial activation from the end...

Theoretical considerations suggest that blockers of calcium channels may have anticonvulsant activity, and this has been confirmed in seizure models in vitro' and in vivo.2 Results with the sedative flunarizine in humans have been promising.3 The conventional calcium antagonists verapamil and diltiazem have been found to inhibit the biotransformation ofcarbamazepine and produce neurotoxicity.45...