Corneal transparency and hydration control are dependent on HCO(3)(-) transport properties of the corneal endothelium. Recent work (13) suggested the presence of an apical 1Na(+)-3HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (NBC1) in addition to a basolateral 1Na(+)-2HCO(3)(-) cotransporter. We examined whether the NBC1 cotransporter contributes significantly to basolateral or apical HCO(3)(-) permeability and whe...

in this work, a more accurate prediction of liquid evaporation flux has been achieved. the statistical rate theory approach, which is recently introduced by ward and fang and exact estimation of vapor pressure in the layer adjacent to the liquid–vapor interface have  been used for prediction of this flux. firstly, the existence of an equilibrium layer adjacent to the liquid-vapor interface is c...

River water was treated by ultrafiltration at a relatively low transmembrane pressure (40 mbar). As observed before, flux stabilization occurred after several days of operation although no back-flushing or cross flow was applied. Interruptions in flux were applied by temporary offset of the transmembrane pressure. After restoration of the transmembrane pressure, the initial flux was higher than...

dialysis adequacy with high flux membrane in hemodialysis patients at shahid beheshti hospital, hamedan     oshvandi kh [1] , kavyannejad r [2] , borzuo sr [3] *, gholyaf m [4] , salavati m [5]     received: 4 feb , 2012 accepted: 14 jun , 2012     abstract   background & aims : hemodialysis is the most common treatment for end stage renal disease (esrd). inadequate dialysis is a risk factor fo...

probable use of chemical and biochemical detergents to wash polysulphone membranes using in milk ultrafiltration needs a multidisciplinary investigation. by increasing use of these membranes in food processing, washing and recovery of initial permeate flux, in order to use for a longer time from this technology, has much importance. in this research, influence of chemical detergents including e...

Nowadays, oily wastewater is increasing along with the growth of various industries. So, wastewater treatment is necessary in order to protect the environment. In this study, a mullite ceramic membrane was prepared. Then, oily wastewater treatment with 200 mg L-1 concentration was investigated by the response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) using Design-Expert 7...

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a transmembrane cytokine that is a promising anticancer agent as it selectively induces apoptosis in various types of tumor cells. Autophagic flux, which includes the complete process of autophagy, and suppression of autophagic flux has been increasingly recognized as a favorable and novel therapeutic approach for cancer treatme...

Alterations in the autophagic pathway are associated with the onset and progression of various diseases. However, despite the therapeutic potential for pharmacological modulators of autophagic flux, few such compounds have been characterised. Here we show that clomipramine, an FDA-approved drug long used for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, and its active metabolite desmethylclomipramine...